Vientiane Laos Map

[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="300" caption="English: Map of the districts of Vientiane (Photo credit: Wikipedia)"][/caption]

Vientiane Laos Map

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"The Buddha Park" Linzstoker's photos around Vientiane, Lao Peoples Dem Rep (hindu praying hands)


 

Southeast Asia On A Shoestring

southeast asia on a shoestring="southeast asia on a shoestring"

Honeymoon in Thailand

If you are looking for the sweetest, the most romantic, the most exotic and exciting honeymoon place on earth with inexpensive deals, welcome to Thailand! Once you've arrived, you will know that heaven on earth is real. The most romantic, tropical paradise in the world is waiting for you.Imagine that you and your soulmate are walking along the golden beach at dusk. You relax for a moment, listening to the orchestra of the whispering sea, drink a cool mai tai on the sandy beach, and the echoes of reverberate in your head.

Honeymoon in Thailand

Thailand If you want something that is more of an adventure then consider Thailand. Again, you get beautiful beaches, but with an exotic flair. Thailand is very affordable with budget friendly resorts and spectacular deals on airfare.There is no where quite like Thailand in January and the resort makes the perfect destination for a honeymoon holiday. The beaches of Phuket with their fine golden sand are the perfect place to get away from everything and the resort has plenty of attractions for you and your new husband to visit. One of the most romantic excursions that you can partake in is a romantic elephant trek through the Thai jungle, where you can watch the locals tapping the sap from the giant rubber trees. The Phang Nga Jungle Trek is one of the countries' best places to do this, and whilst here you can meet the friendly baby elephants in their daily show, which includes dancing and harmonica playing. No luxury honeymoon in Thailand would be complete without a traditional Thai massage and although these are available from a plethora of people on Karon Beach, indulge in a massage at your luxury hotel. The Evason Phuket Resort and Spa is well renowned for its treatments.

Thailand. This was a big part of our honeymoon in Southeast Asia. It is one of the most beautiful countries, with high mountain passes in the north, and breathtaking beaches in the south. If you, like many newlyweds, are running on a shoestring budget, Thailand offers more value than most; in fact, budget conscious couples can live on thirty to forty dollars a day if they travel slowly. My wife and I arrived in Bangkok, and journeyed south to Koh Samui for the diving. After three weeks of snorkeling, diving, and watching some truly incredible sunsets, we headed north to Chiang Mai, then off to spend the next ten days trekking in the mountains. The budget for your honeymoon should the first thing that you should set. A wedding is never a cheap affair. Couples end up spending quite a bit on it. Therefore, they need to set a budget to ensure that they have the perfect start to their married life. If you are on a tight budget, you will have to choose your honeymoon destination with care.

Once you have the budget set, it is time to sit down and list all the possible destinations that you would like to spend your honeymoon in. Of course, it is imperative that you are realistic about your destination choices as they should be within your reach. After that, it is time to sit down and figure out what are the activities you would like to undertake during the honeymoon. You may want to experience history, so Peru could be a good choice for this. If you to experience culture, then Japan is perfect. If you want something romantic and relaxing, then think about spending your honeymoon in Thailand or Bali. You can relax on the beautiful beaches all day long!

Bangkok is the capital of Thailand and is a good tourist destination, it is quite different from east and north based cities. Bangkok is world famous for providing the variety from museum to nightlife to the visitors. It can be very painful while trying to get around Bangkok. Kra Isthmus is famous for their some of the most filmed beaches in the world. Phuket trip is one of the smaller and less commercialized trips with most famous resort island. For younger travelers Ko Pha Ngan is famous for its regular moon festivals on the sparkling shores.

Travel to Thailand is very easy going and welcoming experience. Everything is available from simple to luxurious at fair price. There is unbeatable combination of hi-tech, rein forested, beaches and metropolitan city. Weather of Thailand is always sunny and the average temperature is around 25-30 degree Celsius. For more comfortable vacation to Thailand, you must keep travel guide with you for all the tourist information, travel agencies and travel destinations for your budget travel.

And find more information on http://www.holiday-travel-destinations.com/thailand-travel-guide/honeymoon-thailand/honeymoon-thailand.html

About the Author

Read more on Honeymoon Spa Packages in Thailand and  Honeymoon Beaches in Thailand

South East Asia on a Shoestring


southeast asia on a shoestring
southeast asia on a shoestring
southeast asia on a shoestring

Map Of Luang Prabang

map of luang prabang="map of luang prabang"

"Cozy little town on the Mekong" Livingmydream's photos around Luang Prabang, Lao Peoples Dem Rep


map of luang prabang
map of luang prabang
map of luang prabang

Laos Map

laos map_4="laos map"

Thailand and Its Awesome Tourist Destinations to Visit

Thailand is one of the most sought after tourist destinations and is fascinating to explore. This beautiful country is very famous for its unique culture and fascinating traditions which tempts loads of tourist from every nook and corner of the world. This beautiful country is located in Southeast Asia with coasts on the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. This amazing destination is beautifully bordered by the countries like Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Malaysia and truly this country is bliss for the visitors. Thailand is speckled with beautiful destinations, attractions and the marvelous sightseeing attractions which truly offer the visitors an ideal vacation.

 

Some of the major and best attractions which are must see and explore in Thailand are Bangkok, Chao Pharya River, butterfly gardens, Grand Palace, Patong beach and many alike which attracts numerous visitors from all over the globe. The major attractions which truly enhance the beauty of Thailand tourism are listed below:

 

Patong Beach

This beach in Phuket is one of the ideal holiday destinations as you are visiting the scintillating Thailand. The beach is bounded by the white sands; swaying palm trees and the sea facing beach resorts truly entice the tourist to enjoy their wonder holiday in this beach. This beach is located on the West Coast of Phuket and the cool blue water is bliss for the swimmers.

 

Royal Grand Palace

This royal palace is located on the east bank of the Chao Pharya River and major landmark on the Thailand Tourism Map which meets the olden culture with the modern culture. The splendor architecture opulence of the splendid palace which spreads in area of 2.5 square km is truly out of this world. The Grand Palace is former residential palace of Kings Rama I to Rama IV of Chakri dynasty.

 

Ko Sumai

This is one of the prime destinations to visit in Thailand; the island destination is truly amazing and must visit destination which is blessed by natural enigmatic charm. There is lot of picturesque beaches which leaves the tourist spell bound on their visit as they visit to this island. The cascading waterfalls truly elate the heart of all the visitors. The numerous picnic spots where the visitors go and enjoy their most of the day is truly mesmerizing and offer memorable time.

 

River Kwai

This gorgeous River is located in Kanchanaburi where one of the most beautiful provinces of Thailand is located. The beautiful place is draped in green and the picturesque landscape here are amazing and out of the world. This amazing place is truly very popular among the War-historians and movie-buffs. The major attractions here are "Death Railway" and the "Bridge over the River Kwai'. This popular town is just located 128 km away from capital city Bangkok. The town is dotted with more attractions so tourist can enjoy some more special moment as they want.

 

Well, apart from these there are numerous attractions which are very worth to visit on your Thailand tour planned from leading Thailand Tour Operator. So, contact a tour operator and customize package to Thailand and enjoy the most of it. Truly the attractions here are irresistible and worth to visit.

About the Author

Vinay is an online Marketer. He loves to write articles and Blogs. He has written thousands of articles over internet. He loves to write about Thailand Tourism and Tourist Places in Thailand etc. For more information visit to http://www.thailandtourism.org.in/

"The Beautiful drive south to Vang Vieng" Alohatravels's photos around Kasi, Lao Peoples Dem Rep


laos map
laos map
laos map

Laos Google Map

laos google map="laos google map"

help Laos actie!


laos google map

Laos World Map

laos world map="laos world map"

Ao Nang, Thailand - Top Ten

Top Ten Things to do in Ao Nang, Thailand

1 Visit Railay
Railay is only 15 minutes away. There is no pier at either end of the journey so expect to get at least your feet, probably your knees and possibly your bottom wet. Whatever you do, don’t come to Ao Nang and not go and see Railay.

2 Beaches
Ao Nang Beach: for a battery-charging day, while away an afternoon at or near the tranquil Last Fisherman's beach restaurant, then catch the sunset there. The broad beach occupies a lovely setting, framed by the huge limestone rock-face at the southern end of the beach and by a skyscraper-sized rock tower 500 metres off-shore. Good swimming and kayaking, no noise or motor vehicles, 11 open-air massage shops.

Nopparat Thara Beach is a long and picturesque beach at the western tip of Ao Nang. During low tide you can follow the sand-crabs across a sandbar to some nearby craggy limestone islands. The very shallow water here makes it ideal for children, but not for skinny-dipping – it takes a long time to get back out of the water.

3 Island Hopping
Ao Nang is a great base from which to go island-hopping in Phang Nga bay. The “Four-island Tour” visits Tup Island, Chicken Island, Poda Island and Phra Nang beach (which isn’t actually an island, as it’s part of the Railay peninsula). If you have time then island-hop via Koh Hong to Koh Yao Noi, then spend a couple of nights there. Ask the tour operator to include a beach barbeque.

4 Trek
Hon Nah nature trail is an arduous trek to the top of the tallest karst (limestone hill/mountain) in the Ao Nang area. From the top there are panoramic views over Ao Nang, Krabi, Koh Hong Archipelago, Phang Nga bay and Railay. It is a steep two and a half hour trek to the top. Most trekkers will detour to the karst’s sole waterfall, which offers no more water than a budget hotel shower in the high season, but will eventually cool the trekker down. The jungle here is untouched, primeval rain-forest, with huge trees, flowers and exotic animals. This trek, which is not yet on the tourist map, is recommended for fit trekkers or for fairly unfit trekkers with a determined nature, but not for the very unfit. For a much easier trek, take the boat to Railay.

5 Fish
Phuket offers Thailand’s only truly big game fishing which, whilst a memorable experience, is also an expensive one. For those who have only fairly deep pockets or who are travelling with their families, Ao Nang has become, since the arrival of monster fish at Gillhams Fish Park, Thailand’s best fishing destination.

Only 4km from the town is Ao Nang Fishing Park and Seafood Restaurant. The park is located in one of the region's most pristine areas, nestling between towering karsts in an oasis of silence. Whilst lacking Gillham's monster fish, there are lots of tasty snapper and grouper, which the chef will prepare it in any style you like. Bring along your non-angling partner for a blissful afternoon's peace in your own lakeside hut in an extremely relaxing setting.

Maybe the most pleasant sea-fishing trip in Thailand is a boat charter from Ao Nang into Phang Nga bay. Whilst you probably won’t catch anything really huge, this is an excellent way to tour the stunning marine scenery of the bay. Also a great day out for non-angling family members, who can snorkel away from the crowds. Ask for a sunset beach barbeque on a deserted island to be included in the price.

6 Rock Climbing
Climbing on nearby Railay's world-famous crags can be arranged through Ao Nang agencies, who will arrange transfers and as much climbing as your limbs can handle.

7 Scuba diving
Ao Nang’s ideal location puts it within easy range of the largest number of sites of any destination in Thailand. Sites visited daily include the local islands in Ao Nang bay, Phi Phi Marine National Park, King Cruiser Wreck and Shark Point Marine sanctuary. It's now also possible to take a one day speedboat safari to Hin Daeng and Hin Muang, for the chance to see whale sharks and manta rays, or to do some spectacular cavern diving at the 5 islands of Ko Haa Yai. Speed boats are, however, not the most comfortable way to travel unless the sea is very calm, and there can be problems finding shade. Some of the more popular dive sites can become very crowded in the high season.

8 Kayaking

Railay Sunset Paddle. Paddle in the cool of the late afternoon around the towering cliffs that cut Railay off from Ao Nang. After a dip on the fabulous Phra Nang beach and with the sunset turning the sky into a blaze of colour, paddle to waiting tables on West Railay beach. After dinner, if you have enjoyed a little bit too much food and don't fancy any more exercise, take a longtail boat back to Ao Nang. It’s worth waiting a while longer for your food to go down, though, as the paddle back to Ao Nang is often memorable: on moonlit nights the green fire of bioluminescence blazes in the water at every paddle stroke.

The fabulous Northern Krabi coast kayak sites are all accessible from Ao Nang. Get there by paddle power or by your tour operator loading the kayaks onto a long-tail boat. Until quite recently, the coastline near Ao Nang was one of the best kept secrets in the kingdom. While Koh Hong and the western reaches of Phang Nga bay have for years been well-known, the eastern and almost as spectacular portion of the bay rarely saw a single soul. There are now two new hot spots on the paddling circuit, both easily accessible from Ao Nang: Ao Thalane and Bor Thor.

9 Night Life

There are two girly bars alleys in Ao Nang, but they are fairly well-hidden and thus inoffensive. Younger visitors will enjoy shaking their stuff at the Luna Beach Bar, which gets going around 1 am. The clientele at the Ibark night-club is mainly Thai – a great place for a dance: even the cheer-leader-like coyote girls seem to be enjoying themselves.

10 Shell Fossil Beach

Seven kilometres west of Ao Nang, this mildly trap-like tourist attraction consists of slates of compressed 40 million year old shellfish. These bear a passing resemblance to concrete, and are about as inspiring. The small museum is a bit grubby, but the line of gift shops are well worth checking out for the very affordable pearl products. Entry is 200 Baht for foreigners, but only 20 Baht for Thais. If paying ten times as much seems a bit step, maybe remember that you probably earn about ten times what the average Thai does.

Whilst in Thailand, why not visit one of Thailand's best three beach destinations

Koh Lao Liang: http://www.andamanadventures.com/kohlaoliang.shtml

Ao Nang: http://www.andamanadventures.com/ao_nang.shtml

Railay/Tonsai: http://www.andamanadventures.com/railay-tonsai.shtml

About the Author

Runs Andaman Sky Co., Ltd, specialising in climbing and diving trips to Thailand’s best beach destinations.

YAKKO'S WORLD-Animaniacs


laos world map

Lao Orchid Vientiane

lao orchid vientiane="lao orchid vientiane"

Udon Thani - The Gateway City Full of Fire

Udon Thani, also known as simply Udon, is a province in the northeast of Thailand, close to the Laotian border and is the gateway to Laos via the Friendship Bridge at Nong Khai. It's capital city is also named Udon Thani. Most Thais refer to it as Udon.

It was relative unknown to foreigners until the Vietnam war, at which time the USA set up a military base. That base has since been turned over to Thailand, which was part of the deal when the USA was granted permission to set up the base.

Udon Thani itself is better known as a gateway city rather than a major tourist destination. Many tourists pass through on their way to somewhere else, such as Laos and Nong Khai during the time of the Naga Fireballs.

The Naga Fireballs is a phenomenon that has to be seen to be believed. No one seems to know how this phenomenon occurs, but it is predictable. Along the banks of the Mekong River, when the moon rises, the phenomenon begins, with these fireballs rising out of the river. Sometimes there are only a few. Sometimes there are thousands. This year, 2009, the phenomenon is expected to occur the evening of Sunday, October 4. If you wish to experience the phenomenon you won't be alone. As many as 500,000 spectators are expected. If you wish to go, if you don't already have hotel reservations, try to make them immediately. Don't be too surprised if you cannot find any vacancies. Reservations are usually made months in advance.

Getting to this area is easy. Udon Thani has a good passenger airport. There is also an abundance of bus services to Udon and is a 14 hour railroad train ride from Bangkok. Within the area there is plenty of public transportation. There are motorcycle taxis, tuk-tuks, baht buses, and even bicycle rickshaws for short-distance rides. You can also rent bicycles and pedal around the city yourself.

There are many mid-range priced hotels in the area and surrounding areas.

In Udon Thani you will find an abundance of Korean barbeque restaurants. These are quite popular in Udon. If that is not to your taste, then along with all the Thai food, you can find the typical fast food restaurants in the shopping centers and a few western restaurants. The best western restaurants, along with some the best shopping, can be found in the Charoen Shopping Complex. There is also a good night bazaar near the railroad station. The shopping action at the night bazaar usually begins around 5:00pm and finishes up around 10:30pm.

The Charoen Shopping Complex also houses most of the nighttime entertainment venues, with bars, karaokes, and English style pubs

This area is in the real Issan part of Issan. Wherever you go, you can count on seeing one thing. Rice farms. Everywhere you look you'll see rice farms. This is the major industry in this area of Thailand and this is also the area at whioch most of Thailand's famous sticky rice is grown.

Sightseeing in and around the area includes:

* Ban Chiang - This is widely considered to be the most important recent archeological discovery in nearly all of Southeast Asia. The discoveries, beginning in 1967, here date back to the Bronze Age and artifacts have been made here that date back as far as 4400 BC. This is one of the finest museums in Thailand and is considered a must when visiting Udon Thani.

* Udon Thani Museum - This museum houses collections dating back to the founding of Udon Thani and includes an abundance of historical information.

* Udon Sunshine Orchid Farm - This is one of Thailand's finest collections of common and rare orchids. A stop here is a must if you are an orchid enthusiast and well worth a stop even if you are not. Some of the most beautiful flowers you will ever see can be found here.

* Phu Foi Lom - This is a major eco-tourism site, located in the Pa Phan Don-Pakho National Forest.

There are also several caves, waterfalls, rapids, and other historical sites to visit.

Local food products include the Chinese sausage called kun chiang, moo yong, which is a pork floss, moo yo, which is steamed pork, and moo naem, which is a sour pork product.

If you wish to enter Laos via the Friendship Bridge at Nong Khai, the visa-on-arrival fee for foreigners is US $35 and entitles you to 30 days in Laos You must have two passport photos available. Thais pay a different fee of their own. Air conditioned buses to Vientiane depart six times daily from Udon Thani. The fare is 80 baht one way.

To learn the most abut this great area and Thailand, check out http://thailandvisa.com

About the Author

Michael Allen is an expat who lives abroad and loves travel and adventure. For all the current information on traveling to Thailand and visa and immigration to this country, go to: http://www.thailandvisa.com

Vientiane,Laos by Night,Nam Ngum River by Day,October,2008


lao orchid vientiane
lao orchid vientiane
lao orchid vientiane

Population Of Laos

population of laos="population of laos"

Nations Band Together to Double Worldwide Population of Wild Tigers

The four-day International Forum on Tiger Conservation came to an end yesterday in St. Petersburg after successfully attracting officials from 13 nations to discuss ways to save the wild tiger population.

This is the year of the tiger in China, but the animal has been reduced to a worldwide wild population of just 3,200 – down from over 100,000 about a century ago. The fact that those numbers are also unevenly spread out and include all subspecies is a serious matter of concern for the long term health of the gene pool and the sustainability of the tiger in its natural habitat.

Officials from all nations where tigers are found, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam were present for the important summit, as well as representatives from leading wildlife organizations.

The forum passed measures which, if successful, aim to see the population of wild tigers double by the next Chinese year of the tiger, which occurs in 2022. Leaders such as Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin attended the forum, demonstrating the seriousness of the issue. The restoration of the animal's habitat coupled with an intensive breeding program needs to be worked on simultaneously and coordinated among all countries to achieve this goal, Wen said.

Additionally, man-made structures such as the border crossing between China and Russia are cutting off tigers from other breeding stocks, further depleting the gene pool and having the effect of creating small pools of tigers in areas too small to properly accommodate them. A single Siberian tiger for example needs a space of about 325 square kilometers to roam. The cutting-off of passageways is also making it easier for poachers to find them. Tigers, however, are relatively easy to breed in captivity (there are an estimated 5,000 tigers in North America kept in zoos, private zoos, or as exotic pets), but the goal is to ensure that breeding is carried out in a planned manner, recorded, and the animals then released back into a sustainable environment.

About the Author

This article was written for China and India blog, 2point6billion.com, which was established by Chris Devonshire-Ellis. Chris Devonshire-Ellis also founded the Asia Briefing Media publishing house.

"Wat a beautiful town" Rachelandmike's photos around Luang Prabang, Lao Peoples Dem Rep


population of laos

Map Cambodia Laos

map cambodia laos="map cambodia laos"

Types of Travel Guidebooks

Traditional guidebooks make up the largest chunk of your selection... and there are plenty of these. They usually contain lots of good information, some black and white maps, key areas to see, and diagrams of significant buildings. You'll usually find a few color pictures and maps too.

Think about where you're going....

Are you doing the Grand Tour of several European counties? There are travel guidebooks that cover whole countries, and some that cover whole continents.

Are you going just to London and Paris? There are some books that cover just specific cities or areas.

Some will combine two or three neighboring countries like Southeast Asia with Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam all in one book.

Choose the guidebook that will suit your trip. No need to carry that "continent-of-Europe" tome around if all you're seeing is a couple of cities. Two slim city guides will do and be so much easier to pack and carry.

Some guidebooks are far more visual than others. They tend to have lots of pictures and less information. The information is good, just not as in depth as other guides. If you're taking a quick trip somewhere, those pictures can tell you in an instant if something looks like what you want to see.... they're really enticing. And if it's a quick trip, you probably don't have time for long detailed explanations anyway.

There are lots of specialty guidebooks. These won't give you as much general information, but if you have a special interest, it might be worth carrying one along. You can find specialty books for birdwatchers, or wine tasters. There are books that specialize in fancy restaurants.

There are whole books on castles to stay in or luxury spas. Guides to gardens or camping spots or great hiking trails. If you have a special interest, look online and visit travel bookstores... you'll probably find a specialty guide in just the field you're interested in.

Digital guidebooks are coming... well, some are already here. The publishers are still trying to figure out the best way to handle this. Some guides can be downloaded and read on your mobile phone... but those little screens make for eye strain when you're trying to read a map or the fine print in those descriptions.

You can down load some onto your laptop, but carrying your laptop all day will be a drag. You can download them and print them out, but then you might as well take a published guidebook.

Keep your eyes open for digital guides in the future though. Once some of these paperback sized reading devices become easier to carry around, you'll be able to download just the areas you want, the specialties you want, and link to GPS technology.

Never get lost? I don't know. Sometimes part of the fun of travel is getting lost and having great experiences you didn't expect.

So for now, choose the type of printed travel guidebook that will work best for you, and enjoy your trip.

About the Author

This travel tip is brought to you by Stuart Hely of BookCentralCoast.com.au, the specialists in Avoca Beach accommodation. Check us out for the best NSW Central Coast accommodation deals on Avoca accommodation, hotels, resorts, apartments and holiday houses.

"Crossing the Border from Cambodia to Laos" Ditchthecube's photos around Muang Không (slideshow)


map cambodia laos

Map Of Thailand Laos

map of thailand laos="map of thailand laos"

The Best Way To Choose A Travel Guide Book

When you start looking for a travel guide book, it can be a little bewildering. There really are as many types of guide books as there are types of travelers. Where do you start to find the right one for you?

Traditional guide books make up the largest chunk of your selection... and there are plenty of these. They usually contain lots of good information, some black and white maps, key areas to see, and diagrams of significant buildings. You'll usually find a few color pictures and maps too.

Think about where you're going....

Are you doing the Grand Tour of several European counties? There are travel guide books that cover whole countries, and some that cover whole continents.

Are you going just to London and Paris? There are some books that cover just specific cities or areas.

Some will combine two or three neighboring countries like Southeast Asia with Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam all in one book.

Choose the guide book that will suit your trip. No need to carry that "continent-of-Europe" tome around if all you're seeing is a couple of cities. Two slim city guides will do and be so much easier to pack and carry.

Some guide books are far more visual than others. They tend to have lots of pictures and less information. The information is good, just not as in depth as other guides. If you're taking a quick trip somewhere, those pictures can tell you in an instant if something looks like what you want to see.... they're really enticing. And if it's a quick trip, you probably don't have time for long detailed explanations anyway.

There are lots of specialty guide books. These won't give you as much general information, but if you have a special interest, it might be worth carrying one along. You can find specialty books for birdwatchers, or wine tasters. There are books that specialize in fancy restaurants.

There are whole books on castles to stay in or luxury spas. Guides to gardens or camping spots or great hiking trails. If you have a special interest, look online and visit travel bookstores... you'll probably find a specialty guide in just the field you're interested in.

Digital guide books are coming... well, some are already here. The publishers are still trying to figure out the best way to handle this. Some guides can be downloaded and read on your mobile phone... but those little screens make for eye strain when you're trying to read a map or the fine print in those descriptions.

You can down load some onto your laptop, but carrying your laptop all day will be a drag. You can download them and print them out, but then you might as well take a published guide book.

Keep your eyes open for digital guides in the future though. Once some of these paperback sized reading devices become easier to carry around, you'll be able to download just the areas you want, the specialties you want, and link to GPS technology.

Never get lost? I don't know. Sometimes part of the fun of travel is getting lost and having great experiences you didn't expect.

So for now, choose the type of printed travel guide book that will work best for you, and enjoy your trip.
About the Author

Discover this Budget Travel Guidebook Full of Budget Travel Discount Strategies and important last minute Budget Travel Tips as well as a FREE BUDGET TRAVEL GUIDE BOOK report

Animated Time Map of the Khmer Empire & Southeast Asia (100-1550 AD)


map of thailand laos
map of thailand laos
map of thailand laos

Lao Orchid

lao orchid="lao orchid"

Rhynchostylis Orchids

Rhynchostylis Orchids are originally from Thailand, Laos, The Philippines and surroundong areas. They are also refered to as 'Foxtail Orchids'

Temperature requirements for Rhynchostylis Orchids: a range of 60 - 80 degrees F .

Humidity requirements for Rhynchostylis Orchids.: 60 to 70 percent humidity is ideal for most species, however they are a tolerant species.

Water : Water when the mix approaches dryness during flowering or spike initiation. When not flowering allow the mix to become just dry between watering.

Repotting:
Repot in the early spring months from March to April using clay pots and a medium grade bark mix. Keep dry after repotting as many of the roots can crack due to their stiff nature.

There are 3 favorite Rhynchostylus spicies:

1. Rhynchostylis retusa

The plants die if the leaves are wet frequently. They prefer moderate waterings, heavy fertilizing, and very bright shade to direct morning light. Flowering is usually summer into fall.

The plant is found in semi-deciduous and deciduous dry lowland forests woodlands at elevations of sealevel to 700 m, native to Malaya, Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India.

Rhynchostylis retusa have stout, repent, short stem carrying to 12, curved, fleshy, deeply channeled, keeld, retuse apically leaves and blooms on an axillary, pendant, to 60 cm long, racemose, densely many flowered, cylindrical inflorescence that occurs in the winter and early spring.

2. Rhynchostylis coelestis:

Rhyncostylis coelestis is native to Southeast Asia and can be found in Thailand India and Burma. This plant has a Vanda like growth habit with stiff-folded leaves that curve downwards. The beautiful 2 tone blue flowers emerge in summer and have the fragrance of grapes. The flowers are long lasting and the plant is easy to grow as long as there is enough light.

3. Rhynchostylis gigantea

Rhynchostylis gigantea are best grown in wood slat basket with little or no potting material and will grow massive fleshy roots entangled throughout the basket if given uniform water and fertilizer. The plants are warm to hot growing. They can grow somewhat like a Vanda but will tolerate cooler conditions and lower light.

4. Rhynchostylis violacea

These orchids have a full spray of many miniature lavender and white flowers. This plant blooms in the winter and in the spring. The orchid prefers intermediate to warm temperatures, filtered light, and even moisture.

About the Author

Soccer Jersey Shop Queensoccer

Info and good advices to plant cactus and succulent

Every thing about all flowers: planting, decoration

Tiny orchid blooms in a Lao forest.


lao orchid

Laos Location

laos location_2="laos location"

10 Nice Locations to Go to in Alabama

When touring on a budget it's best to bear in mind the following factors:


Travel in the off-peak seasons. It can save you up to as much as fifty per cent off air flights and accommodation costs for those who plan to journey in off-season times.

Avoid common vacationer spots (except they are on your 'should-see' listing). In case you can go off the crushed track along with your locations, things will be cheaper to see and do and your cultural experiences will likely be richer.


Try camping. Not only is it the most affordable form of lodging it is a great way to rise up shut and personal to nature. It is the best way to see Nationwide Parks and Heritage listed areas.


Look for particular travel presents (or packages). But be sure you test every thing that they embrace - and don't include.

Put money into a journey pass where you might be able. Most developed countries have a rail or bus transport system the place you can get hold of day, week or monthly passes that can get you around cheaply.Get a piece permit if you purpose to gain employment whereas touring overseas. Working can assist subsidize locations that are not so low cost, akin to Europe and Australia.


Search for good exchange rates on the dollar. This will likely provide help to resolve which nation to journey to Think about shortening your go to to destinations that are costly and rising your length of keep in cheaper places.The place possible use your credit card. The change charge is better.

When staying in a lodge, avoid paying for 'extras'. Do not touch anything from the glory bar. Don't watch the in-home films and do not use the hotel phone. And take a look at to not use room service an excessive amount of!


On the world scene there are some great locations to travel on a funds for under thirty dollars a day. In Asia you can attempt India, Laos, China, Cambodia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Thailand, Sumatra and Burma. In Central and South America you possibly can visit El Salvador, Bolivia and Ecuador. If you are after a budget experience within the Pacific, strive Fiji or New Zealand. Over in Africa there are some nice funds locations reminiscent of Kenya, Egypt, Morocco, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Ghana. Don't forget the Middle East the place locations like Iran, Syria and Turkey present wonderful value for cash and wonderful experiences for the price range traveler.


There isn't any 'finest place' to travel on a budget. Just be ready to go searching, keep away from the pitfalls of unwanted prices in package deal deals or resort bookings. If you wish to travel and your funds does not meet your expectations, be flexible and see if there may be someplace cheaper you may wish to experience. You would be pleasantly stunned along with your stay in India or Iran, whenever you thought you wished to go to Tahiti.
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There's nothing like occurring an adventure, and now you possibly can uncover essentially the most wonderful journey journey packages without cost! Go to
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Martial Arts Odyssey: Muay Lao Part 2


laos location

Laos Map

laos map_2="laos map"
Where can I get a giant wallmap of South East Asia?

I'm planning a trip to South East Asia in six months, and I've been looking for a large wall map that I can hang on my wall and use to mark out destinations (around 100cm x 75cm would be ideal, but as big as I can get will do). I've googled and googled, but can't find anything appropriate.

I need the map to cover Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Malaysia and the Phillipines would be a bonus, but I don't mind buying seperate maps for those. Anyone know any good shops in London, or even better any good online stores???

I have seen some pretty impressive wall maps created by sticking up Michelin maps of adjacent areas - fit them together and you can have as big a map as your wall will hold, if you can get all of the necessary maps. Check at your local "map store" or online.

"The Loop" Laine's photos around Thakhet, Lao Peoples Dem Rep


laos map

Lao Orchid Hotel

lao orchid hotel_2="lao orchid hotel"

Bach Ma Nation Park DiscoveryDuration: 2 days

Overview
Bach Ma National Park (BMNP) is situated in the narrow central region of Vietnam, just north of the Hai Van Pass where the Annamite Mountain Range meets the South China Sea. In 1991 Bach Ma was officially classified as a national park with 22,031 ha at its core and a buffer zone of 21,300 ha. Forming a green corridor from the Annamite Mountains to Vietnam's coastal plain, Bach Ma National Park is the only surviving area of forest extending from the South China Sea to the Laos border. Following the discovery of Bach Ma in 1932 a road was built to the summit and the area just below was developed into a hill station. By the end of the 1930s there were 139 villas, a hotel and a general store and the area was a popular weekend getaway for members of the French colonial administration.

Day 1:  Hue - Bach Ma National Park ( Lunch )

Departing from Hue we drive 60kms to Bach Ma National Park. Bach Ma summit offers a range of unique trails for those interested in wildlife and history or who simply wish to enjoy the distinctive natural beauty of the park. Each trail can be walked in under a day and do not require any special hiking equipment. A five-hour trek this afternoon through sub-tropical forest will take us to the Ngu Ho and Do Quyen Waterfalls. The Ngu Ho or Five-lakes Cascade is a series of small waterfalls which crash down into pristine pools of clear water secluded under a canopy of foliage. O/N at Bach Ma. (Lunch)

Day 2:  Bach Ma National Park – Hue ( Breakfast, Lunch )

Following breakfast we commence our trek to the summit. This is the most popular trail at Bach Ma. After one hour walking uphill we reach the peak, 1450m above the sea level. From here we can admire the spectacular views north to Hue and south to Lang Co beach and several lagoons. From the summit we make our way through sub-tropical evergreen forest. The trail, which passes the ruins of several French era villas, is renowned for observing birds. Our trek ends at the Orchid Collection House near the guesthouse. After lunch we return to Hue. (Breakfast / Lunch)

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About the Author

Asiana Travel Mate, founded in 2006, provides customized inbound travel into Vietnam, extending to Cambodia and Laos. We believe in delivering services as promised, benefiting local communities and preserving the cultural and natural heritage of Vietnam

Mr Hung - www.asianatravelmate.com

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Skype: tdhung1184

"Nha Trang 29th - 30th Jan 2009" Dlz's photos around Nha Trang, Vietnam


lao orchid hotel
lao orchid hotel

Laos Vientiane Map

laos vientiane map="laos vientiane map"

List of the top 5 longest rivers in China

It's amazing how the leading four rivers in Asia are found in China. What's not surprising is the fact that China is probably one of the oldest civilizations globally. In the end, people today usually set-up communities in areas which are conducive for habitation and what's much better that arranging camp near a river where you get water and transportation very easily. This is a directory of the leading five longest rivers in the land.

1. Yangtze Yangtze has constantly had that scenic and serene excellent, despite the fact that with the construction of the 3 Gorges Dam, that is the biggest hydroelectric station globally, that untouched look is lost, with the exception of some stretches like that 1 in Western Yunnan, that is a UNESCO Web page, that is touted to be the least disturbed temperate ecosystem on the. It provides a total length of 6,300 km or 3,915 mi, starting from the southwestern an area of the Qinghai Province inside the Tibetan Plateau, flowing into the East China Sea though being given food by tributaries along the way. This river was continually been one of the briskest waterways in the world and Shanghai, situated near the Delta, produces 20% of the country's Gross Domestic Item.

2. Huange He The Huang He or Yellow River is deemed as China's Cradle of civilization. The Huang He has been mentioned in maps as early as 220 BCE. The Yellow River spans five,464 km or 3395 miles, originating at the Bayan Har Mountains from the southern an area of the Qinghai province, coursing by way of modest parts of Mongolia and flowing across the North China plain and ultimately draining into the Bohai Sea. Its color was brought by the large measures of Loess that it carries from having went through the Loess Plateau where erosion occurs. It is also one or more of the most toxic rivers in history, as the 1887 flood is causing around 900,000 to 2 million deaths. Flooding invariably is a problem with the Huang He because of the sediment it carries which causes natural dams to arise, resulting to the water obtaining a new valley to course by way of.

3. Ob- Irtysh Contrary to everyday opinion, the Ob river which spans 2,962 km (1,841 mi) is not just a Russian River - it originates from the Altay Mountains, getting in a west and north course which ultimately drains into the Gulf of Ob (where wealthy deposits of gas and oil were found) within the Kara sea which is perfect with the Arctic Ocean. This river was a primary transportation hub until the railway system supplied a choice. Presently, the river is mostly employed for drinking water supply, hydroelectric power, irrigation and fishing.

4. Amur For quite a few centuries, the Amur region has been a resource of major geo-political problems between Russia and China. This 2,824 km (1,755 mi) defines the Russia-Chinese border and ownership of adjoining lands have changed hands a few times in history. The river has its origins inside the hills of Western Manchuria, coursing eastward until it joins the Ussuri River, where it ceases to define the border and begins to flow north into the Amgun River and east into the Tartary Strait.

5. Mekong The Mekong River spans four,909 km (three,050 mi), generating it the world's 12th longest river. It originates within the Southwestern part of China's Qinghai province, being an area of the Three Parallel Rivers Protected location in Yunnan. It flows south-east to make up the Burma-Laos border and turning southwest to make up the Laos-Thailand border and into internal Laos, passing by means of Vientiane, its capital and crossing into Cambodia and slowing into Vietnam where it forms the Mekong Delta and discharges into the South China Sea. This river has a history of dividing the individuals who live nearby because of navigation hazards (the river has various falls and rapids) but the nations Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam has established the MRC or Mekong River Commission to assist with the management of the river's resources. Though the river is difficult to make use of for transportation, it has been a superb source of hydroelectric power.

About the Author

For more information about top 10 longest rivers in the world, visit famouswonders.com and check out top 10 longest rivers.

Lao - Vientiane : looking for the location of topographique map shop in Tuk-Tuk


laos vientiane map

Google Map Laos

google map laos="google map laos"

Malayan Emergency

Origins



See also: Circumstances prior to the Malayan Emergency



The withdrawal of Japan at the end of World War II left the Malayan economy disrupted. Problems included unemployment, low wages, and scarce and expensive food. There was considerable labour unrest, and a large number of strikes occurred in 1946 through 1948. The British administration was attempting to repair Malaya's economy quickly, especially as revenue from Malaya's tin and rubber industries was important to Britain's own post-war recovery. As a result, protesters were dealt with harshly, by measures including arrests and deportations. In turn, protesters became increasingly militant. On 16 June, 1948, the first overt act of the war took place when three European plantation managers were killed at Sungai Siput, Perak.



The British brought emergency measures into law, first in Perak in response to the Sungai Siput incident and then, in July, country-wide. Under the measures, the MCP and other leftist parties were outlawed, and the police were given the power to imprison without trial communists and those suspected of assisting communists. The MCP, led by Chin Peng, retreated to rural areas, and formed the MNLA, also known as the Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA), or the Malayan People's Liberation Army (MPLA). The MNLA began a guerrilla campaign, targeting mainly the colonial resource extraction industries, which in Malaya were the tin mines and rubber plantations.



The MNLA was partly a re-formation of the Malayan People's Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), the MCP-led guerrilla force which had been the principal resistance in Malaya against the Japanese occupation. The British had secretly trained and armed the MPAJA during the later stages of World War II. Disbanded in December, 1945, the MPAJA officially turned all of its weapons in to the British Military Administration. However, many weapons were not returned, and were stashed for possible future use.[citation needed]



Guerrilla war



Identification portrait of a "communist terrorist", used by Commonwealth troops to help recognise insurgents.



The MNLA commonly employed guerrilla tactics, sabotaging installations, attacking rubber plantations and destroying transportation and infrastructure.



Support for the MNLA was mainly based on around 500,000 of the 3.12 million ethnic Chinese then living in Malaya. The ethnic Malay population supported them in smaller numbers. The MNLA gained the support of the Chinese because they were denied the equal right to vote in elections, had no land rights to speak of, and were usually very poor. The MNLA's supply organisation was called "Min Yuen." It had a network of contacts within the general population. Besides supplying material, especially food, it was also important to the MNLA as an information gatherer.



The MNLA's camps and hideouts were in the rather inaccessible tropical jungle with limited infrastructure. Most MNLA guerrillas were ethnic Chinese, though there were some Malays, Indonesians and Indians among its members. The MNLA was organized into regiments, although these had no fixed establishments and each encompassed all forces operating in a particular region. The regiments had political sections, commissars, instructors and secret service. In the camps, the soldiers attended lectures on Marxism-Leninism, and produced political newsletters to be distributed to the locals. The MNLA also stipulated that their soldiers needed official permission for any romantic involvement with local women.



In the early stages of the conflict, the guerrillas envisioned establishing "liberated areas" from which the government forces had been driven, and MNLA control established. They were unsuccessful, however, in establishing any such areas.



British response



The initial government strategy was primarily to guard important economic targets such as mines and plantation estates. Subsequently, General Sir Harold Briggs, the British Army's Director of Operations in Malaya, developed an overall strategy known as the Briggs Plan. Its central tenet was that the best way to defeat an insurgency such as the government was facing was to cut the insurgents off from their supporters amongst the population.



The Briggs Plan was multi-faceted. However one aspect of it has become particularly well known: this was the forced relocation of some 500,000 rural Malayans, including 400,000 Chinese, from squatter communities on the fringes of the forests into guarded camps called New Villages. These villages were newly constructed in most cases, and were surrounded by barbed wire, police posts and floodlit areas, the purpose of which was both to keep the inhabitants in and the guerrillas out. People resented this at first, but some soon became content with the better living standards in the villages. They were given money and ownership of the land they lived on. Removing a population which might be sympathetic to guerrillas was a counter-insurgency technique which the British had used before, notably against the Boer Commandos in the Second Boer War (18991902), although in Malaya, the operation was more humanely and efficiently conducted.



In the international scene, the emerging Korean War eclipsed the developing conflict in Malaya.



Jungle service dress of the 1st Battalion Somerset Light Infantry used in the emergency.



At the start of the Emergency, the British had a total of 13 infantry battalions in Malaya, including seven partly-formed Gurkha battalions, three British battalions, two battalions of the Royal Malay Regiment and a British Royal Artillery Regiment being utilised as infantry. This force was too small to effectively meet the threat of the "communist terrorists" or "bandits", and more infantry battalions were needed in Malaya. The British brought in soldiers from units such as the Royal Marines and King's African Rifles. Another effort was a re-formation of the Special Air Service in 1950 as a specialised reconnaissance, raiding and counter-insurgency unit.



The Permanent Secretary of Defence for Malaya, Sir Robert Grainger Ker Thompson, had served in the Chindits in Burma during World War II. His vast experience in jungle warfare proved valuable during this period as he was able to build effective civil-military relations and was one of the chief architects of the counter-insurgency plan in Malaya.



In 1951, some British army units began a "hearts and minds campaign" by giving medical and food aid to Malays and indigenous tribes. At the same time, they put pressure on MNLA by patrolling the jungle. The MNLA guerrillas were driven deeper into the jungle and denied resources. The MRLA extorted food from the Sakai and earned their enmity. Many of the captured guerrillas changed sides. In comparison, the MRLA never released any Britons alive.



In the end the conflict involved a maximum of 40,000 British and Commonwealth troops against a peak of about 78,000 communist guerrillas.



British propaganda during the Emergency



British propaganda was distributed by the Psychological Warfare Section of the Emergency Information Service (EIS). The Chinese Assistant to the Head of the Service was C. C. Too, who became head of the Psychological Warfare Section in 1955. He believed that it was more important to propagandize the civilians, rather than the insurgents, as the insurgents listened to the masses.



The Psychological Warfare Section produced about six million leaflets each month, which were packed into bundles of 2,500 each at the Kuala Lumpur Royal Air Force Station. The majority of the leaflets were developed in light yellow sand or deep brown earth colors to blend in with the ground, in order to enable comrades to steal glances at them, without fear of undue attentionne of Too's novel ideas.



In addition to leaflets, aircraft equipped with loudspeakers broadcast propaganda over remote areas.



Control of anti-guerrilla operations



At all levels of government (national, state, and district levels), the military and civil authority was assumed by a committee of military, police and civilian administration officials. This allowed intelligence from all sources to be rapidly evaluated and disseminated, and also allowed all anti-guerrilla measures to be coordinated. Each State War Executive Committee, for example, included the State Chief Minister as chair, the Chief Police Officer, the senior military commander, state home guard officer, state financial officer, state information officer, executive secretary and up to six selected community leaders. The Police, Military and Home Guard representatives and the Secretary formed the operations sub-committee responsible for day-to-day direction of emergency operations. The operations subcommittees as a whole made joint decisions.



Nature of warfare



The British Army soon realised that clumsy sweeps by large formations were unproductive. Instead, platoons or sections carried out patrols and laid ambushes, based on intelligence (from informers, surrendered MNLA personnel, aerial reconnaissance etc.) A typical operation was "Nassau", carried out in the Kuala Langat swamp:



After several assassinations, a British battalion was assigned to the area. Food control was achieved through a system of rationing, convoys, gate checks and searches. One company began operations in the swamp about December 21, 1954. On January 9, 1955, full-scale tactical operations began; artillery, mortars and aircraft began harassing fires in the South Swamp. Originally, the plan was to bomb and shell the swamp day and night so that the terrorists (sic) would be driven out into ambushes; but the terrorists were well prepared to stay indefinitely. Food parties came out occasionally, but the civil population was too afraid to report them.



Plans were modified; harassing fires were reduced to night-time only. Ambushes continued and patrolling inside the swamp was intensified. Operations of this nature continued for three months without results. Finally on March 21, an ambush party, after forty-five hours of waiting, succeeded in killing two of eight terrorists. The first two red pins, signifying kills, appeared on the operations map, and local morale rose a little.



Another month passed before it was learned that the terrorists were making a contact inside the swamp. One platoon established an ambush; one terrorist appeared and was killed. May passed without a contact. In June, a chance meeting by a patrol accounted for one killed and one captured. A few days later, after four fruitless days of patrolling, one platoon en route to camp accounted for two more terrorists. The No. 3 terrorist in the area surrendered and stated that food control was so effective that one terrorist had been murdered in a quarrel over food.



On July 7, two additional companies were assigned to the area; patrolling and harassing fires were intensified. Three terrorists surrendered and one of them led a platoon patrol to the terrorist leader's camp. The patrol attacked the camp, killing four, including the leader. Other patrols accounted for four more; by the end of July, twenty-three terrorists remained in the swamp with no food or communications with the outside world ...



This was the nature of operations: 60,000 artillery shells, 30,000 rounds of mortar ammunition, and 2,000 aircraft bombs for 35 terrorists killed or captured. Each one represented 1,500 man-days of patrolling or waiting in ambushes. "Nassau" was considered a success for the end of the emergency was one step nearer.



Resolving the Emergency



History of Malaysia



Prehistoric Malaysia



Early kingdoms



Gangga Negara (2nd11th)



Langkasuka (2nd14th)



Pan Pan (3rd5th)



Srivijaya (7th13th)



Kedah Kingdom (630-1136)



The rise of Muslim states



Kedah Sultanate (1136resent)



Malacca Sultanate (14021511)



Sulu Sultanate (14501899)



Johor Sultanate (1528resent)



European colonialism



Portuguese Malacca (1511-1641)



Dutch Malacca (1641-1824)



Straits Settlements (18261946)



British Malaya (18741946)



Federated Malay States (18951946)



Unfederated Malay States (19091946)



Kingdom of Sarawak (18411946)



North Borneo (18821963)



World War II



Japanese occupation (19411945)



Malaysia in transition



Malayan Union (19461948)



Federation of Malaya (19481963)



Independence (1957)



Federation of Malaysia (1963resent)



Malaysia Portal



 v  d  e 



On October 6, 1951 the MNLA ambushed and killed the British High Commissioner, Sir Henry Gurney. The killing has been described as a major factor in causing the Malayan population to roundly reject the MNLA campaign, and also as leading to widespread fear due to the perception that "if even the High Commissioner was no longer safe, there was little hope of protection and safety for the man-in-the-street in Malaya." More recently, MNLA leader Chin Peng stated that the killing had little effect, and that the communists anyway radically altered their strategy that month in their "October Resolutions". The October Resolutions, a response to the Briggs Plan, involved a change of tactics by reducing attacks on economic targets and civilians, increasing efforts to go into political organisation and subversion, and bolstering the supply network from the Min Yuen as well as jungle farming.



Gurney's successor, Lieutenant General Gerald Templer, was instructed by the British government to push for immediate measures to give Chinese ethnic residents the right to vote. He also pursued the Briggs Plan, and sped up the formation of a Malayan army. At the same time he made it clear that the Emergency itself was the main impediment to accelerating decolonisation. He also increased financial rewards for detecting guerrillas by any civilians and expanded the intelligence network (Special Branch).



Government's Declaration of Amnesty



On September 8, 1955, the Government of the Federation of Malaya issued a declaration of amnesty to the Communists. The Government of Singapore issued an identical offer at the same time. Tunku Abdul Rahman, as Chief Minister, made good the offer of an amnesty but promised there would be no negotiations with the MNLA. The terms of the amnesty were:



Those of you who come in and surrender will not be prosecuted for any offense connected with the Emergency, which you have committed under Communist direction, either before this date or in ignorance of this declaration.



You may surrender now and to whom you like including to members of the public.



There will be no general "ceasefire" but the security forces will be on alert to help those who wish to accept this offer and for this purpose local "ceasefire" will be arranged.



The Government will conduct investigations on those who surrender. Those who show that they are genuinely intent to be loyal to the Government of Malaya and to give up their Communist activities will be helped to regain their normal position in society and be reunited with their families. As regards the remainder, restrictions will have to be placed on their liberty but if any of them wish to go to China, their request will be given due consideration.



Following the declaration, an intensive publicity campaign on a hitherto unprecedented scale was launched by the Government. Alliance Ministers in the Federal Government travelled extensively up and down the country exhorting the people to call upon the Communists to lay down their arms and take advantage of the amnesty. The response from the public was good. Public demonstrations and processions were held in towns and villages. Despite the campaign, few Communists surrendered to the authorities. It was evident that the Communists, having had ample warning of its declaration, conducted intensive anti-amnesty propaganda in their ranks and among the mass organizations, tightened discipline and warned that defection would be severely punished. Some critics in the political circles commented that the amnesty was too restrictive and little more than a restatement of the surrender terms which have been in force for a long period. The critics advocated a more realistic and liberal approach of direct negotiations with the MCP to work out a settlement of the issue. Leading officials of the Labour Party had, as part of the settlement, not exclude the possibility of recognition of the MCP as a political organization. Within the Alliance itself, influential elements in both the MCA and UMNO were endeavouring to persuade the Chief Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman to hold negotiations with the MCP.



The Baling Talks



Main article: The Baling Talks



Realizing that his conflict had not come to any fruition, Chin Peng sought a referendum with the ruling British government alongside many Malayan officials in 1955. The talk took place in the Government English School at Baling on December 28. The MCP was represented by Chin Peng, the Secretary-General, Rashid Maidin and Chen Tien, head of the MCP's Central Propaganda Department; on the other side were three elected national representatives, Tunku Abdul Rahman, Dato's Tan Cheng-Lock and David Saul Marshall, the Chief Minister of Singapore. The meeting was intended to pursue a mutual end to the conflict but the Malayan government representatives, led by Tunku Abdul Rahman, dismissed all of Chin Peng's demands. As a result, the conflict heightened and, in response, New Zealand sent NZSAS soldiers, No. 14 Squadron RNZAF No.41(Bristol Freighter)Squadron and later No. 75 Squadron RNZAF, and other Commonwealth members also sent troops to aid the British.



Following the failure of the talks, Tunku decided to withdraw the amnesty on 8 February, 1956, five months after it had been offered, stating that he would not be willing to meet the Communists again unless they indicated beforehand their desire to see him with a view to making "a complete surrender". Despite the failure of the talks, the MCP made every effort to resume peace talks with Malayan Government, without success. Instead, discussions began in the new Emergency Operations Council to intensify the "People's War" against the guerillas. In July 1957, a few weeks before Independence, the MCP made another attempt at peace talks, suggesting the following conditions for a negotiated peace:



its members should be given privileges enjoyed by citizens



a guarantee that political as well as armed members of the MCP would not be punished.



Tunku Abdul Rahman, however, did not respond to the MCP's proposals.



With the independence of Malaya under Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman on 31 August, 1957, the insurrection lost its rationale as a war of colonial liberation. The last serious resistance from MRLA guerrillas ended with a surrender in the Telok Anson marsh area in 1958. The remaining MRLA forces fled to the Thai border and further east.



On 31 July, 1960 the Malayan government declared the state of emergency was over, and Chin Peng left south Thailand for Beijing where he was accommodated by the Chinese authorities in the International Liaison Bureau, where many other Southeast Asian Communist Party leaders were housed.



During the conflict, security forces killed 6,710 MRLA guerrillas and captured 1,287. 2,702 guerrillas surrendered during the conflict, while approximately 500 more did so at the end of the conflict. 1,345 Malayan troops and police were killed during the conflict, as well as 519 Commonwealth personnel. 2,478 civilians were killed, with another 810 recorded as missing.



Australian contribution



Australia was willing to send troops to help a SEATO ally and the first Australian ground forces, the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (2RAR), arrived in 1955. The battalion was later be replaced by 3RAR, which in turn was replaced by 1RAR. The Royal Australian Air Force contributed No. 1 Squadron (Avro Lincoln bombers) and No. 38 Squadron (C-47 transports), operating out of Singapore, early in the conflict. In 1955, the RAAF extended Butterworth air base, from which Canberra bombers of No. 2 Squadron (replacing No. 1 Squadron) and CAC Sabres of No. 78 Wing carried out ground attack missions against the guerillas. The Royal Australian Navy destroyers Warramunga and Arunta joined the force in June 1955. Between 1956 and 1960, the aircraft carriers Melbourne and Sydney and destroyers Anzac, Quadrant, Queenborough, Quiberon, Quickmatch, Tobruk, Vampire, Vendetta and Voyager were attached to the Commonwealth Strategic Reserve forces for three to nine months at a time. Several of the destroyers fired on Communist positions in Johor State.



Comparisons with Vietnam



The conflicts in Malaya and Vietnam have been compared many times and it has been asked by historians how a British force of 35,000 succeeded where over half a million U.S. soldiers failed in a smaller area. However the two conflicts differ in several key points.



The MNLA was isolated and without external supporters.[citation needed]



The MNLA was politically isolated from the bulk of the population. It was, as mentioned above, a political movement almost entirely limited to ethnic Chinese; support among Muslim Malays and smaller tribes was scattered if existent at all. Malay nationalists supported the British because they promised independence in a Malay state; an MNLA victory would imply a state dominated by ethnic Chinese, and possibly a puppet state of Beijing or Moscow.



Britain never approached the Emergency as a conventional conflict and quickly implemented an effective combined intelligence (led by Malayan Police Special Branch against the political arm of the guerrilla movement) and a "hearts and minds" operation.



Many Malayans had fought side by side with the British against the Japanese occupation in World War II, including Chin Peng. This is in contrast to Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) where French colonial officials often operated as proxies and collaborators to the Japanese. This factor of trust between the locals and the colonials was what gave the British an advantage over the French and later, the Americans in Vietnam.



In purely military terms, the British Army recognized that in a low-intensity war, the individual soldier's skill and endurance was of far greater importance than overwhelming firepower (artillery, air support, etc.) Even though many British soldiers were conscripted National Servicemen, the necessary skills and attitudes were taught at a Jungle Warfare School, which also worked out the optimum tactics based on experience gained in the field.



Legacy



The National Monument commemorating those who died in Malaysia's struggle for freedom, including the Malayan Emergency



The Indonesiaalaysia confrontation of 19621966 arose from tensions between Indonesia and the new British backed Federation of Malaysia which was conceived in the aftermath of the Malayan Emergency.



In the late 1960s the coverage of the My Lai massacre during the Vietnam War prompted the initiation of investigations in the UK concerning alleged war crimes perpetrated by British forces during the Emergency. One of such allegations is the Batang Kali massacre. However, no charges against the British forces were ever proven and were dismissed as vicious propaganda by the British government.



In popular Malaysian culture, the Emergency has frequently been portrayed as a primarily Malay struggle against the communists. However, this perception has been criticised by some, such as Information Minister Zainuddin Maidin, for not recognising Chinese and Indian efforts.



Cultural developments during the Emergency



And the Rain My Drink, a novel by Han Suyin set in this period.



Songs



Darah Rakyat



Bendera Tentera



Ganyang Malaysia



Indonesia Merdeka



See also



British military history



Far East Strategic Reserve



Communist Insurgency War (Second Malayan Emergency)



Further reading



Comber, Leon (2003). "The Malayan Security Service (19451948)". Intelligence and National Security, Volume 18, Issue 3. pp. 128153. 



Comber, Leon (February, 2006). "The Malayan Special Branch on the Malayan-Thai Frontier during the Malayan Emergency". Intelligence and National Security, Volume 21, Issue 1. pp. 7799. 



Comber, Leon (2006). "Malaya's Secret Police 194560. The Role of the Special Branch in the Malayan Emergency". PhD dissertation, Monash University. ISEAS (Institute of SE Asian Affairs, Singapore) and MAI (Monash Asia Institute). 



Hack, Karl (1999). "Corpses, Prisoners of War and Captured documents: British and Communist Narratives of the Malayan Emergency, and the Dynamics of Intelligence Transformation". Intelligence and National Security. 



Hack, Karl; Chin, C.C (2004). Dialogues with Chin Peng: New Light on the Malayan Communist Party. 



Jumper, Roy (2001). Death Waits in the Dark: The Senoi Praaq, Malaysia's Killer Elite. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31515-9. 



Nagl, John A (2002). Learning to Eat Soup With a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam. University of Chicago. ISBN 0226-56770-2. 



Stubbs, Richard (2004). Hearts and Minds in Guerilla Warfare: The Malayan Emergency 19481960. Eastern University. ISBN 981210352X. 



Taber, Robert (2002). War of the flea: the classic study of guerrilla warfare. Brassey's. ISBN 9781574885552. 



References



^ Mohamed Amin and Malcolm Caldwell (eds.), The Making of a Neo Colony, (1977), Spokesman Books, UK, footnote, p. 216.



^ Andaya, Barbara Watson; Leonard Y. Andaya (2001). A History of Malaysia. Palgrave. p. 271. 



^ Rashid, Rehman (1993). A Malaysian Journey. p. 27. ISBN 983-99819-1-9. 



^ Karl Hack, Defense & Decolonization in South-East Asia, p. 113.



^ Joel E. Hamby Civil-military operations: joint doctrine and the Malayan Emergency, Joint Force Quarterly, Autumn, 2002, Paragraph 3,4



^ Peoples, Curtis. "The Use of the British Village Resettlement Model in Malaya and Vietnam, 4th Triennial Symposium (April 11-13, 2002), The Vietnam Center and Archive, Texas Tech University"]. http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/vietnamcenter/events/2002_Symposium/2002Papers_files/peoples.htm. 



^ Conduct of Anti-Terrorist Operations in Malaya, Director of Operations, Malaya, 1958, Chapter III: Own Forces



^ Nagl (2002), pp.67-70



^ Taber, The War of the Flea, pp.140-141. Quote from Marine Corps Schools, "Small Unit Operations" in The Guerrilla - and how to Fight Him



^ Ongkili, James P. (1985). Nation-building in Malaysia 19461974. Oxford University Press. p. 79. ISBN 0-19-582681-7. 



^ "books.google.com.my/books?id=_aPdeJinXGwC&pg=PA298&lpg=PA298&dq=October+resolutions+Malayan+communist+party&source=bl&ots=HoRFEtE2PB&sig=BBfc5WCUChGC2pMNXmhbHoy4bKs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result#PPA295,M1". http://books.google.com.my/books?id=_aPdeJinXGwC&pg=PA298&lpg=PA298&dq=October+resolutions+Malayan+communist+party&source=bl&ots=HoRFEtE2PB&sig=BBfc5WCUChGC2pMNXmhbHoy4bKs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result#PPA295,M1. 



^ Memorandum from the Chief Minister and Minister for Internal and Security, No. 386/17/56, 30 April 1956. CO1030/30



^ a b Prof Madya Dr. Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud, Tunku Abdul Rahman and His Role in the Baling Talks



^ MacGillivray to the the Secretary of State for the Colonies, 15 March 1956, CO1030/22



^ "www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my_polic.html". http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my_polic.html. 



^ AWM.



^ Comber (2006), Malaya's Secret Police 194560. The Role of the Special Branch in the Malayan Emergency



^ Clutterbuck, Richard (1967). The long long war: The emergency in Malaya, 19481960. Cassell.  Cited at length in Vietnam War essay on Insurgency and Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya, eHistory, Ohio State University.



^ "Analysis of British tactics in Malaya" (PDF). http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/historic/hist_c3_pt1.pdf. 



^ Kaur, Manjit (Dec. 16, 2006). Zam: Chinese too fought against communists. The Star.



External links



Australian War Memorial (Malayan Emergency 19501960)



Far East Strategic Reserve Navy Association (Australia) Inc. (Origins of the FESR Navy)



Malayan Emergency (AUS/NZ Overview)



Britain's Small Wars (Malayan Emergency)



PsyWar.Org (Psychological Operations during the Malayan Emergency)



www.roll-of-honour.com (Searchable database of Commonwealth Soldiers who died)



Categories: Malayan Emergency | Wars involving Australia | Insurgencies | Wars of independence | History of colonialism | Cold War conflictsHidden categories: Military history articles needing expert attention | Articles needing expert attention from December 2009 | All articles needing expert attention | Articles to be expanded from January 2010 | All articles to be expanded | Articles needing cleanup from January 2010 | All pages needing cleanup | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from November 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from October 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from January 2009
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"Vibrant Vientiane" Bakpaknbizclass's photos around Vientiane, Lao Peoples Dem Rep


google map laos

Map Laos

map laos="map laos"
who took all of laos land?

i saw the before map of laos and it was very big. now its so small noone knoes who we are. and i feel as if our country is becoming exstinct. please tell me.

are you sure that's not just a change in scale? :)

Borders have not changed to any extent in years. Although there are continued disputes with Thailand over certain areas, we are talking about distances in metres. Parts of NE Thailand (Isaan) used to belong to Laos but we are going back many many years here.

"Crossing the Lao/Vietnam border" Fredtrip's photos around Mường Min, Vietnam


map laos

Location Of Laos

location of laos="location of laos"
Why China always invade Vietnam (not Laos, Myanmar, Mongolia instead) from the past thousand years to now?

I'm researching history of Southeast Asian and I identify that the relationship between those countries were in trouble many times, and eventually war (but VN still remained its territory for most occurred war) . Why China concentrated to take VN even though Chinese couldn't control the little country. Because of Vietnamese strategic location, right? Or other significant reasons, please help me. Thanks a lot

luck for Laos, Myanmar, or Thailand, etc since if China wanted to invade them, they had to defeat Vietnam first. Vietnam is like a door to get to South East Asian from China, so the Chinese have to open the door if they want to get in the house. Secondly, in the ancient time, the military of Vietnam was the strongest in South East Asia, even if the Chinese found another road to invade those countries, they would face a threat from the invasion of Vietnam itself! Vietnam origin was quite small but like China, they also invaded small countries around to be like nowadays(Champa, a part of Cambodia...). Ly Thuong Kiet was successful when attacking China and if Quang Trung had lived longer, the world even could have witnessed an Asian Napoleon? In other words, only Vietnam in region was a threat to China, so they really want to destroy that threat. The case of Mongolia is different since there is nothing to occupy except for dessert so China did not try their best to invade.

Wat Lao Buddharangsy 7-25-2010 (2 of 6)


location of laos

Laos Map Detailed

laos map detailed="laos map detailed"

"Tiger Leaping Gorge - Day 1" Everywhere's photos around Qiaotou, China (travel pics)


laos map detailed

Lao Maps

lao maps_2="lao maps"
California, The Trigger for the Global Collapse?

California, if considered a country was the 5th largest in the world.
http://www.lao.ca.gov/2006/cal_facts/2006_calfacts_econ.htm
http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/031020/20econ.htm

1 out of 9 Americans live in CA (not including illegals, and information is 3 years old)
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html

Major Housing Bubble in CA
http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_09/b3973108.htm
http://www.opednews.com/articles/opedne_joel_s___060925_political_fallout_fr.htm

Morgages and Loan %'s in the US
http://www.businessweek.com/common_ssi/map_of_misery.htm

Your thoughts?

As you point out, California is a vital and very large part of this nation's economy. If things go wrong in the economy, obviously California will be hard hit just because of the size of its population and its economy. Conversely if things go economically wrong in California the entire nation's economy suffers.

For instance, California has, for decades, contributed much more in federal taxes than it has received in federal spending. If the California economy suffers greatly, they will contribute less in federal taxes and that adversely affects the whole country.

I'm not sure what point you are trying to make but it is obvious that the California economy is integral to the well-being of the nation. The bad economic policies in effect obviously hit California hard probably due mainly to its large size and large economy.

Mortal Kombat Story Mode Chapter 11 Kung Lao (Part 2/2)


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