Laos Culture

laos culture_3="laos culture"
Do you think LAOS is a nice country to visit?

What do you think about their culture and there way of life.

It wasen't in 1969

Children Dance Lao Culture


laos culture

History Laos

history laos="history laos"
u.s. history questions?

please help me i am doing virtual school and on a study guide.
What was the major Viet Cong attack on South Vietnam and American bases?A. Viet Cong Offensive
B. Tet Offensive
C. Gulf of Tonkin Offensive
D. Saigon Offensive
What was the supply route running from North Vietnam, through Laos, and into South Vietnam?
A. Hidden trail
B. Forbidden Trail
C. Ho Chi Minh trail
D. Laos trail

Where did American troops massacred an entire village?
A. My Tai
B. Saigon
C. My Lai
D. My Me

The answers are: B,C,C.

Hope this helps.

The History of Laos and It's Modern Revolution


history laos

Geography Of Laos

geography of laos="geography of laos"

Cuisine Of Burma

List of Notable dishes

Mohinga, the national dish of Burma

Because a standardized system of romanisation for spoken Burmese does not exist, pronunciations of the following dishes in modern standard Burmese approximated using IPA are provided.

Lahpet, a popular delicacy

Bazun thohk (Burmese: ; IPA: [bzun ou]), pickled prawn salad

Jin thohk ( [din ou]), ginger salad with sesame seeds

Khao sw thohk ( [kausw ou]), wheat noodle salad with dried shrimps, shredded cabbage and carrots, dressed with fried peanut oil, fish sauce and lime

Htamin thohk ( [tamin ou]), rice salad with tomato puree, potato,glass noodle, toasted chickpea flour, crushed toasted dried fermented beancake,crushed dried shrimp, crushed dried chilli, garlic and dressed with cooked peanut oil, fish sauce, lime or tamarind and coriander

Hto-mohnt ( [toumoun]), glutinous rice cake with raisins, cashews and coconut shavings

Katkyi-hnyat ( [kadi], lit. 'cut with scissors'), a southern coastal dish (from the Dawei area) of rice noodles with a variety of seafood, land meats, raw bean sprouts, beans and fried eggs comparable to pad thai

Jaryoh hinga ( [tajou hina]), lotus roots in clear chicken or fish broth

Jarzan hin, ( [dazan hin]) glass noodle soup with chicken, wood-ear mushrooms, dried flowers, onions, boiled egg, garnished with coriander, thin-sliced onions, crushed dried chilli and a dash of lime (Mandalay)

Jarzan hinga ( [dazan hina]), glass noodle soup with dried shrimp, wood-ear mushrooms, egg, dried flowers, onions (Yangon)

Jauk-kyaw ( [taotau]), agar jelly usually set in two layers with coconut milk

Jay-oh ( [teiou]), vermicelli noodles in soup with pork offal and greens

Let thohk sohn ( [le ousoun]), similar to htamin thohk with shredded green papaya, shredded carrot, ogonori sea moss and often wheat noodles

Mohinga ( [mounhina]), the unofficial national dish of rice vermicelli in fish broth with onions, garlic, ginger, lemon grass and sliced tender core of banana-stem, served with boiled eggs, fried fish cake (nga hpe) and fritters (akyaw)

Shwe yin aye is a popular and refreshing dessert

Montletsaung (Burmese: [mounlesaun]), tapioca balls, glutinous rice, grated coconut and toasted sesame with jaggery syrup in coconut milk

Nanjee thohk (Burmese: [nandi ou]) or Mont di, thick rice noodle salad with chickpea flour, chicken, fish cake (nga hpe), onions, coriander, spring onions, crushed dried chilli, dressed with fried crispy onion oil, fish sauce and lime

Nanbyajee thohk (), as above with tagliatelle

Ngapi jet ( [api d]), fermented spicy fish paste or salted fish curried with onions, tomatoes, garlic, chilli and coriander served with to za ya, vegetables fresh or boiled, on the side

Ngapi jaw ( [api tau]), fried version with dried shrimp, onions, garlic and dried chilli

Ohn-no khao sw ( [ounnou kausw]), curried chicken and wheat noodles in a coconut milk broth similar to Malaysian laksa and Chiang Mai's khao soi

Sanwin makin ( [sanwin makin]), semolina cake with raisins, walnuts and poppy seeds

Shwe gyi mohnt ( [wei di moun]), hardened semolina (wheat) porridge with poppy seeds

Shwe yin aye ( [wei jin ei]), agar jelly, tapioca and sago in coconut milk

Shauk thee thohk, sliced lemon or kaffir lime (no pith or rind), toasted chickpea flour, crushed roasted peanut, crushed dried shrimp, crushed dried chilli, baked fish paste, cooked oil with onions (goes very well and often served with kya zan hinga)

Chinese-inspired

Mandalay Meeshay

Asayn jaw, cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, green beans, baby corn, cornflour or tapioca starch, tomatoes, squid sauce

Bghin ( [be kin]), roasted duck

Dim sum, meat/fish/prawn/crab/sausage/egg/sea weeds, flour, flavor enhancer

Hpet htohk (lit. leaf wrap), meat, pastry paper, ginger, garlic, pepper powder, salt. Usually served with soup or with noodles.

Htamin jaw ( [ta min tau]), fried rice with boiled peas (p byouk),the poor man's favourite breakfast

Kawyei khao sw ( [k ji kau sw]), noodles and curried duck (or pork) in broth with eggs.

La mohnt ( [la moun]), (mooncake), an oily disk-shaped cake filled with either sugar or sweet bean paste

Mi swun ( [mi swan]),very soft rice noodles, known as Mee suah in Singapore and Malaysia. It is a popular option for invalids, usually with chicken broth.

Panthay khao sw ( [panei kau sw]), halal noodles with chicken and spices, often served by the Muslim Panthay Chinese.

Pao-see ( [pau si]), steamed buns filled with either pork and egg or sweet bean paste

San byohk ( [san pjou]), (rice congee) with fish, chicken or duck often fed to invalids.

Seejet khao sw ( [si t kau sw]), wheat noodles with duck or pork, fried garlic oil, soy sauce and chopped spring onions. It is considered an 'identity dish' of Myanmar and Burmese Chinese, as it is not available in other Chinese cuisines. Sarawak's Kolok mee is a bit similar.

Wet-tha doh-to, pork offal cooked in light soy sauce. Eaten with raw ginger and chilli sauce.

Indian-inspired

Fried chapatti with p-byohk - a Mandalay favourite

Samosa salad in Mandalay

Danbauk ( [dan pau]), Burmese-style biryani with either chicken or mutton served with mango pickle, fresh mint and green chili

Fried chapatti, crispy and blistered, with boiled peas (p-byohk), a popular breakfast next to nan bya

Halawa, a snack made of sticky rice, butter, coconut milk, from Indian dessert halwa. In Burma Halwa is referred to a loose form, something like smashed potato, without baking into a hard or firmer cake in contrast to Sa-Nwin-Ma-Kin.

Hpaluda, similar to the Indian dessert falooda, rose water, milk, jello, coconut jelly, coconut shavings, sometimes served with custard and ice cream

Htat taya ([ta t ja]), lit. "a hundred layers", fried flaky multilayered paratha with either a sprinkle of sugar or p byouk

Htawbat htamin, rice made with butter and mostly eaten with chicken curry.

Kyit Sara, Semolina chicken or meat paste

Chicken or meat is boiled or cooked and removed all the bones and skin. It is then mixed with Semolina and dhal. Nowadays the mixture is easily put into the grinder and grinded. But originally it was put in the big pot, stirred and pounded using a big ladle with a rounded lower edge. Once it turns into a thick paste it is sprinkled with cinnamon powder and deep-fried onion. Not only it is tasty but it is highly nutritious and easily digestible.

Malaing lohn ( [m lain loun]), Burmese-style gulab jamun

Nan bya ( [nan bja]), Burmese style naan buttered or with p byouk, also with mutton soup

Palata ( [p la a]), Burmese style paratha with egg or mutton

Samusa ( [sa mu sa]), Burmese-style samosa with mutton and onions served with fresh mint, green chilli,onions and lime

Samusa thohk ( [sa mu sa ou]), samosa salad with onions, cabbage, fresh mint, potato curry, masala, chili powder, salt and lime

Sa-Nwin-Ma-Kin or Burmese Semolina Cake or Semolina Pudding or (Kuih) Sooji, using Sooji (Semolina), eggs, cream of wheat (Semolina), coconut cream, sugar, raisins and milk. It is topped with sesame seeds and baked with the charcoal slow fire above and below to made them like brownie golden cakes.

Shai Mai or Sa Wai or sayviah/ sweet vermicelli served with fried cashews, coconut shreds, raisins with milk

Theezohn chinyay, lit. vegetable all- sorts sour broth, with drumstick, lady's finger, egg plant, green beans, potato, onions, ginger, dried chilli, boiled egg, dried salted fish, fish paste and tamarind

Shan-inspired

Shan khao sw with tohpu jaw, with monnyinjin on the side

Shan inspired - Nangyi Thohk

Htamin jin ( [ta min tin]), a rice, tomato and potato or fish salad kneaded into round balls dressed and garnished with crisp fried onion in oil, tamarind sauce, coriander and spring onions often with garlic, Chinese chives roots (ju myit), fried whole dried chili, grilled dried fermented beancakes (p bouk} and fried dried topu (topu jauk kyaw) on the side

Lahpet thohk () [le pe ou]), a salad of pickled tea leaves with fried peas, peanuts and garlic, toasted sesame, fresh garlic, tomato, green chili, crushed dried shrimps, preserved ginger and dressed with peanut oil, fish sauce and lime

Meeshay, ( [mi ei]), rice noodles with pork and/or chicken, bean sprouts, rice flour gel, rice flour fritters, dressed with soy sauce, salted soybean, rice vinegar, fried peanut oil, chilli oil, and garnished with crispfried onions, crushed garlic, coriander, and pickled daikon/mustard greens

Papaya salad ( [in bau i ou])

Shan tohu ( [an tou hu]), a type of tofu made from chickpea flour or yellow split pea eaten as fritters (tohpu jaw) or in a salad (tohpu thohk), also eaten hot before it sets as tohu byawk aka tohu nway and as fried dried tohpu (tohu jauk kyaw)

Shan khao sw ( [an kausw]), rice noodles with chicken or minced pork, onions, garlic, tomatoes, chili, crushed roasted peanuts, young vine of mangetout, served with tohu jaw or tohu nway and pickled mustard greens (monnyinjin)

Wet thachin ( [w a tin]), preserved minced pork in rice

Wet tha hmyit chin ( [w a mji tin]), pork with sour bamboo shoots

Mon-inspired

Mon banana pudding

Thingyan Rice () - fully boiled rice in candle-smelt water served with mango salad.

Htamane () dessert made from glutinous rice, shredded coconuts and peanuts

Banana pudding dessert made from banana boiled in coconut milk and sugar.

Wet mohinga like mohinga but vermicelli is served while wet

Durian jam also known as Katut jam

Nga baung thohk () Mixed vegetables and prawn, wrapped in morinda leaves and then banana leaves outside.

Sanwinmakin () dessert cake made from semolina, sugar, butter, coconut.

Rakhine-inspired

Monte-de - an extremely popular and economical fast food dish where rice vermicelli are either eaten with some condiments and soup prepared from nga-pi, or as a salad with powdered fish and some condiments. The American Conger, Conger oceanicus, called Nga-shwe in Arakanese and Burmese, is the fish of choice.

Jar-zun thohk - glass vermicelli salad with boiled prawn julien and mashed curried duck eggs and potatoes.

Ngapi Daung - an extremely spicy condiment made from pounded ngapi and green chili

Khayun thee nga chauk chet - Brinjal cooked lightly with a small amount of oil, with dried fish and chilli

Ngha-pyaw-thi-bohn - bananas stewed in milk and coconut, and garnished with black sesame. Eaten either as a dish during meals, or as a dessert.

Saw-hlaing Monte - a baked sweet, made from millet, raisins, coconut and butter

Sut-hnan - millet cooked in sweet milk with raisins

Starches

The most common starch (staple food) in Myanmar is white rice. Glutinous rice called kauk hnyin is also very popular including the purple variety known as nga cheik especially as a breakfast dish. Various types of noodles are commonly used in salads and soups or fried. Vermicelli noodles and rice noodles are often used in soups, while thick rice and wheat noodles are used in salads. Palata, a flaky fried flatbread is often eaten with curried meats while nan-bya, a baked flatbread is eaten with any Indian dishes. Another favourite is aloo poori - puffed-up fried breads eaten with potato curry.

Ingredients

Main article: List of Ingredients in Burmese cuisine

Ingredients used in Burmese dishes are often fresh. Many fruits are used in conjunction with vegetables in many dishes. The Burmese eat a great variety of vegetables and fruits, and all kinds of meat.

A very popular vegetable is the danyin thi, which is usually boiled or roasted and dipped in salt, oil and sometimes, cooked coconut fat.

Ngapi

Ngapi is considered the corner stone of any Burmese meal or dish. It is used in a versatile manner in that it is used in soup base, in salad, in main dishes and also in condiments. Popular varieties depend on the region,such as in Rakhine State, Shan State, Ayeyarwady Division and Tanintharyi Division.

The Ngapi of Rakhine State contains no or lesser salt, and uses marine fish. It is used as a soup base for the Rakhine 'national' cuisine, Mont-de. It is also used widely in cooking both vegetables, fish and even meat.

In the coastal Ayeyarwady and Tanintharyi divisions, the majority of ngapi is instead based on fresh water fish, with a lot of salt. The ngapi is also used as a condiment such as ngapi-yay (an essential part of Karen cuisine, which includes runny ngapi, spices and boiled fresh vegetables). In Shan State, ngapi is made instead from fermented beans, and is used as both a flavoring and also condiment in Shan cuisine.

Condiments

Burmese cuisine is full of condiments, from sweet, sour to savory. The most popular are pickled mango, balachaung (shrimp and ngapi floss) and ngapi gyaw (fried ngapi in various manners) and vegetables preserved in rice wine (from Shan State). Ngapi plays a major part in condiments, as a dip for fresh vegetables.

Bean ngapi from the Shan states plays a major role in Shan cuisine. Dried bean ngapi chips are used as condiments for various shan dishes.

Fruits

Myanmar has a wide range of fruits, and most are of tropical origin. However, some notable Western fruits such as strawberries are also popular. Durian, guava and others are commonly served as desserts. Other fruits include mango, banana, jackfruit, plum, lychee, papaya, pomelo, water melon, pomegranate, mangosteen, sugar-apple and rambutan.

Eating customs

A typical Burmese meal

Traditionally, Burmese eat their meals with dishes on a low table, while sitting on a bamboo mat, and dishes are served more or less at the same time. A typical meal would include steaming hot rice as the staple, a curried freshwater fish or dried/salted fish dish, if affordable a curried meat or poultry dish instead, soup (hinjo) which if sour is called chinyay, and fresh or boiled vegetables to go with a salty dish almost invariably a curried sauce of pickled fish (ngapi yayjo) in Lower Burma. Fritters such as gourd or onions in batter as well as fish or dried tohpu crackers are extra.

Out of respect, the eldest diners are always served first before the rest join in; even when the elders are absent, the first morsel of rice from the pot is scooped and put aside as an act of respect to one's parents, a custom known as oo tcha (lit. first serve). Burmese people eat with their right hand, forming the rice into a small ball with only the fingertips and mixing this with various morsels before popping it into their mouths. Chopsticks and a Chinese style spoon are used for noodle dishes, although noodle salads are more likely to be eaten with just a spoon. Knives and forks are used rarely in homes but will always be provided for guests and are available in restaurants and hotels. Drinks are not often served with the meal and, instead, the usual liquid accompaniment is in the form of a light broth or consomme served from a communal bowl. Outside of the meal, the Burmese beverage of choice is light green tea (yay nway jan; [jei nwei dun]).

Influences

The countries that border Myanmar, especially India, China and Thailand - have influenced Burmese cuisine. Indian influences are found in Burmese versions of dishes such as samosas and biryani, and Indian curries, spices and breads such as nan (naan) and palata (paratha). Ethnic Indians have a monopoly on such dishes. Chinese influence in Burmese cuisine is shown in the use of ingredients like bean curd and soya sauce, various noodles as well as in stir-frying techniques. Fried insects are eaten as snacks as in neighbouring Thailand and Laos.

Gallery

Mohn la jin - pickled daikon or mooli

Cha-om omelette - a popular dish with ladies

Bu nyunt hinjo - young vine of gourd clear soup

Dunt dalun chin-yei - drumstick sour soup

P bouk - dried fermented bean cakes to grill or fry

Thayet chin thohk - fermented green mango salad with onions, green chilli, roasted peanuts, sesame and peanut oil

nga paung thohk

See also

Burmese recipes

References

^ Yin, Saw Myat (2007). Culture Shock!: Myanmar. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Inc. p. 133. ISBN 9780761454106. 

^ BBC NEWS | Business | Burma cyclone raises rice prices

External links

Burmese breakfast at Mae Sot

Mi Mi Khaing, Cook and Entertain the Burmese Way. Rangoon, 1975

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cuisine of Myanmar

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1 Sometimes included in Europe, depending on the border definitions.  2 Officially known as Myanmar.  3 Sometimes included in Oceania, and also known as Timor-Leste.  4 Transcontinental country.  5 Commonly known as Taiwan. 

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Categories: Burmese cuisineHidden categories: Articles containing Burmese language text

About the Author

I am Components Electronic suppliers writer, reports some information about ferrite core transformers , double rocker switches.

GEOGRAPHY LAOS buddhism as07il james kenneth powell youtube 512


geography of laos

Hmong Laos

hmong laos_3="hmong laos"

Hmong Girls in Laos Are Beautiful (09-17-2010)


hmong laos

Lao History

lao history="lao history"
I have a question in relation to China and Mao Tse-Tsung.

With the onset of the Olympics in China, I saw a huge banner displaying the face of Mao Tse-Tsung (on TV). This got me thinking.

I know some Chinese revere him as some revile him. No doubt about it, this guy was a monster and under his rule, millions of Chinese starved to death (as well as other atrocities that he committed).

What individual do you think would be a better substitute (to drape a picture depicting him/her near the Forbidden Palace)?

*Sun Yat-Sen
*Confucius
*Qin Shin Huang Di
*Sun Tzu
*Lao Tzu
*Chiang Kai-Shek

Or do you have a different person in mind that you think better represents China's rich and beautiful history?

Better no one because the cult of personality is always dangerous. If a substitute is really necessary, probably Sun Yat Sen as a symbol of political unity.
Another character could only be a literary or semi literary one, ( a Liu Bei, or a Zhu ge Liang or even Song Jiang).
Instead, there could be something symbolic dedicated to the million women who contributed to make China and were often neglected

Lao History on Tape #38


lao history

Culture In Laos

culture in laos="culture in laos"

Lao Experiences Cooking Class in Vientiane


culture in laos

Laos Hmong

laos hmong_4="laos hmong"

Where and how to meet minorities in Southeast Asia

But how do you ensure that while visiting, you don't cause unintended damage or offence? You can show your respect for a culture by being educated about its ways, beliefs and taboos. Here are a few general guidelines:

1. Always ask permission before taking photos of tribespeople.

2. Don't touch totems at village entrances or sacred items hanging from trees.

3. Avoid cultivating a tradition of begging, especially among children.

4. Avoid public nudity and don't undress near an open window.

5. Don't flirt with members of the opposite sex.

6. Don't drink or do drugs with the villagers.

7. Smile at villagers even if they stare.

8. Ask your guide how to say ‘hello'.

9. Avoid public displays of affection, which might be viewed as offensive to the spirit world.

10. Don't interact with the villagers' livestock; avoid interacting with jungle animals, which might be viewed as visiting spirits.

11. Don't step on the threshold of a house, prop your feet up against the fire or wear your shoes inside.

Where to meet Southeast Asia's minority cultures

If you want to meet minority cultures, you'll often have to get away from popular tourist centres; how far you'll have to go depends very much on the country and how popular it is with visitors.

The trekking industry in Thailand is very developed and a minority visit can be a disappointment for some, but much depends on the operator organising the trip. Northern Vietnam and the Xishuangbannà region of Yúnnán have emerged as popular places to experience minority cultures. Laos is really taking off as a destination to meet minority groups, partly due to its ethnically diverse population and in part due to the relatively small numbers of visitors venturing off the beaten path.

Cambodia and the Central Highlands of Vietnam provide a home to some minority groups in the northeast, but as they dress like lowland Khmer or Vietnamese, they have been less exposed to mass tourism than elsewhere. As for the effects of trekking on the host tribes, many agree that individuals within the village might financially benefit when the trekking companies purchase supplies and lodging, but the overall pluses and minuses are considered to be minimal compared to other larger institutional forces.

Lonely Planet has a suggestion of the top 5 spots for a genuine interaction with a minority culture in Southeast Asia:

1. Cambodia: Ratanakiri
2. Laos: Muang Sing
3. Thailand: Chiang Rai
4. Vietnam: Sapa
5. Yúnnán: Xishuangbannà

But there are many other important minority groups in the region, some rendered stateless by the conflicts of the past, others recent migrants to the region, including the many hill tribes.

Cham

The Cham people originally occupied the kingdom of Champa in southcentral Vietnam and their beautiful brick towers dot the landscape from Danang to Phan Rang. Victims of a historical squeeze between Cambodia and Vietnam, their territory was eventually annexed by the expansionist Vietnamese. Originally Hindu, they converted to Islam in the 16th and 17th centuries and many migrated south to Cambodia. Today there are small numbers of Cham in Vietnam and as many as half a million in Cambodia, all of whom continue to practise a flexible form of Islam. Over the centuries, there has been considerable intermarriage between Cham and Malay traders.

Hmong

The Hmong are one of the largest hill tribes in the Mekong region, spread through much of northern Laos, northern Vietnam, Thailand and Yúnnán.Hmong groups are usually classified by their colourful clothing, including Black Hmong, White Hmong, Red Hmong and so on. The brightest group is the Flower Hmong of northwest Vietnam, living in villages around Bac Ha. The Hmong are known for their embroidered indigo-dyed clothing and their ornate silver jewellery. There may be as many as one million Hmong in the Mekong region, half of them living in the mountains of Vietnam.

Jarai

The Jarai are the most populous minority in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, northeast Cambodia and southern Laos. Villages are often named for a nearby river, stream or tribal chief, and a nha-Rong (communal house) is usually found in the centre. Jarai women typically propose marriage to the men through a matchmaker, who delivers the prospective groom a copper bracelet. Animistic beliefs and rituals still abound, and the Jarai pay respect to their ancestors and nature through a host or yang (genie). The Jarai construct elaborate cemeteries for their dead, which include carved effigies of the deceased. These totems can be found in the forests around villages, but sadly many are being snapped up by culturally insensitive collectors.

Dzao

The Dzao (also known as Yao or Dao) are one of the largest and most colourful ethnic groups in Vietnam and are also found in Laos, Thailand and Yúnnán. The Dzao practise ancestor worship of spirits, or ban ho (no relation to Uncle Ho), and hold elaborate rituals with sacrifices of pigs and chickens. The Dzao are famous for their elaborate dress. Women's clothing typically features intricate weaving and silver-coloured beads and coins – the wealth of a woman is said to be in the weight of the coins she carries. Their long flowing hair, shaved above the forehead, is tied up into a large red or embroidered turban, a sort of skinhead-meets-silk combination.

Source : lonelyplanet

About the Author

ACTIVETRAVEL ASIA (ATA) offers a wide selection of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar adventure tours, including hiking and trekking, biking, motorcycling, overland touring and family travel packages.

Hmong protest being forced back to Laos -23 June 08


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laos hmong

Laos History

laos history_2="laos history"

A Brief History Of Taoism

In the long years of its evolution, Taoism had profound influence politically, economically, culturally and ideologically in ancient Chinese society and it is still functioning today.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Taoling went and settled on Singing Crane Mountain (Mount Heming). He claimed that he had been imparted the "Mighty Commonwealth of the Orthodox Oneness (Zhengyi Meng Wei) by Supreme Master Lao Zi and he began producing and circulating books advocating Tao. His teachings centered on the summoning of deities, magic incantation and subduing of ghosts, as well as breathing exercises.

During the Wei Kingdom Period (220-265 DC), Celestial Master Taoism which was created by Zhang Taoling was suppressed and it declined. However, as Zhang Lu and his disciples moved north from Hanzhong, Celestial Master Taoism began to be revived in the regions where Supreme Peace Taoism had once been practiced. It then spread throughout of the country.

During the Western Jin period (265-316 AD) and the Eastern Jin (317-420 AD), some powerful families and scholars started to believe in Taoism. Taoism, which had started from the grass roots level, now penetrated the upper class and eventually became an integral part of the spiritual life of the ruling class.

As more and more scholars turned to Taoism, the Taoist educational level was thus enhanced. As a result, a vast body of Taoist scriptures was created to challenge Buddhism from India.

As the Taoist scriptures spread, three new Taoist sects came into being-namely, the High Purity (Shangqing), the Numinous Treasure (Lingbao) and the Three August Ones (Sanhuang ) sects.

In 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty (581--618) unified China. Different schools of Taoism then began a process of integration. The Maoshan School, which had evolved from the High Purity sect, became the dominant school in the south of the country and began to spread to the north. As both Buddhism and Taoism were practiced during the Sui Dynasty, Taoism developed rapidly, which paved the way for this religion to reach its zenith during the Tang Dynasty (618--907 AD).

Li Yuan, founder of the Tang Dynasty, made much use of public belief in Taoism in the struggle to overthrow the Sui Dynasty. When he assumed the throne, he announced that Lao Zi, the founder of Taoism was his ancestor (Lao Zi's family name being Li and his given name Er). Except for Wu Zetian (the only Empress in Chinese history), all the Tang Emperors venerated Taoism.

The most influential development of Taoism during the Five Dynasty period (907-960AD) on later Taoism was the rise of the so-called inner alchemy created by Zhongli Quan and Lu Dongbin..

More schools of Taoism came into being during the period of the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties (960-1368 AD). Taoism entered a new phase of development.

During the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 AD), the Maoshan school was still in a dominant position, and its lineage was very clear. The main new schools that appeared in this period were the Heavenly Heart (Tianxin) and Divine Heaven (Shenxiao) sects.

During the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279AD), Taoism was dominated by the sects collectively known as the Talisman of the Three Mountains (Mount Longhu, Maoshan and Gezao).

Furthermore, new sects, such as Shenxiao, Donghua and Qingwei were also active during this period.

Apart from a variety of old and new Talisman sects, there were also the Pure Brightness sect and the Southern Line Golden Elixir sect during the Southern Song Dynasty.

The Supreme Oneness (Taiyi), Great Tao (DaTao) and Complete Perfection (Quanzhen) doctrines ultimately became the Main forms of Taoism during the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 AD). The Supreme Oneness doctrine lasted for about 200 years and eventually, by the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it had been incorporated into the Orthodox Oneness (Zhengyi) tradition. The Great Tao doctrine declined toward the end of the Yuan and was also incorporated into the Orthodox Oneness tradition. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Complete Perfection and Orthodox Oneness traditions became the two major Taoist schools.

After the founding of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), Zhu Yuanzhang, the first Ming emperor, adopted a policy to both make use of and control religion in order to safeguard his rule as the country's sole dominant power. As a result, Taoism began to decline.

Comparatively speaking, the Ming rulers favored the Orthodox Oneness tradition more than the Complete Perfection tradition. The former enjoyed a higher political status than the later. Zhu Yuanzhang believed that the sole purpose of the meditation practiced by the Complete Perfection sect was the meditation itself whereas the Orthodox Oneness tradition upheld human relationship and stressed social customs, which had played an important role in social stability. For this reason, he supported the Orthodox Oneness tradition.

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD) believed in Tibetan Buddhism. They had little knowledge of Taoism and therefore did not support nor even restrict the development of Taoism. The early Qing emperors followed Ming rulers and adopted a policy of protecting Taoism because of the need to win over the Han Chinese. But from Qianlong's reign onwards, Qing rulers began to impose strict control over Taoism, leading to its decreased political influence and stagnant organizational development.

During the century between the first Opium War (1840-1842) and the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China underwent a period of political chaos and the Chinese people suffered greatly from war and lived in great poverty.

Taoist structures in renowned mountains fell into disrepair and many Taoists left their temples. As a result, Taoism became more closely tied to ordinary people's daily lives. Early during the Republic of China, in order to become established in modern society, Taoists tried to imitate the practice in Western countries by forming a national organization to protect their own interests. In 1912, a nationwide organization known as the Central Taoist Association was established in the White Cloud Temple in Beijing, with the Complete Perfection tradition as its backbone. At the same time, Zhang Yuanxu, the 62nd Celestial Master, set up the Taoist Federation of the Republic of China in Shanghai, with the Orthodox Oneness tradition as its backbone. Both organizations were rather loosely organized and no activities of great significance were recorded.

After China adopted its reform and opening-up policy in 1979, Chinese Taoists resumed the Complete Perfection tradition's initiation ceremony and the Orthodox Oneness tradition's talisman transmission rules.

Large-scale religious activities were also held, such as the Great Ritual Offering of All-Embracing Heaven. China's Taoist community has established the China Taoist College and the Shanghai Taoist College to train large number of young and middle-aged priests; established academic institutions such as the China Taoist Culture Research Institute and convened several forums on Taoist culture; founded journals such as Chinese Taoism, Shanghai Taoism, Shaanxi Taoism and Fujian Taoism and published a number of books on Taoism.

Some 1,500 Taoist monasteries have been approved by governments at the county level and above for Taoists to carry out religious activities.

There are about 20,000 resident Taoists of the Complete Perfection tradition and tens of thousands of Taoist priests of the Orthodox Oneness tradition in addition to countless numbers of Taoist followers throughout the whole country. The ancient religion has now entered the 21st century with a brand-new look.

The author maintains the Wudang Qigong site and The Art Of War

 

About the Author


Laos 450 yrs.History perspective on Vientiane Anniversary celebration [ 6 ]


laos history

Laos Google

laos google="laos google"
Google Voice + Lingo = free unlimited internaional calls?

True or False and how is this possible?
Can you call to Laos for free?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6Zy-Ande6I

That is totally false. When you dial from Google Voice especially to a international number you would need to pay for the long distance calls and your account on google voice has to have a credit money amount to make these calls. Then once the calls is connected it will foward the calls to your cell phone or to any phone number you will be answering the call from.

On Lingo website, there is a unlimited plan for 21.95 a month that includes 35 countries to call but Laos is not one of them. So if you call Laos using lingo then it would cost you long distance.

Google Invades Lao


laos google

Map Of Thailand Laos

map of thailand laos="map of thailand laos"

The Best Way To Choose A Travel Guide Book

When you start looking for a travel guide book, it can be a little bewildering. There really are as many types of guide books as there are types of travelers. Where do you start to find the right one for you?

Traditional guide books make up the largest chunk of your selection... and there are plenty of these. They usually contain lots of good information, some black and white maps, key areas to see, and diagrams of significant buildings. You'll usually find a few color pictures and maps too.

Think about where you're going....

Are you doing the Grand Tour of several European counties? There are travel guide books that cover whole countries, and some that cover whole continents.

Are you going just to London and Paris? There are some books that cover just specific cities or areas.

Some will combine two or three neighboring countries like Southeast Asia with Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam all in one book.

Choose the guide book that will suit your trip. No need to carry that "continent-of-Europe" tome around if all you're seeing is a couple of cities. Two slim city guides will do and be so much easier to pack and carry.

Some guide books are far more visual than others. They tend to have lots of pictures and less information. The information is good, just not as in depth as other guides. If you're taking a quick trip somewhere, those pictures can tell you in an instant if something looks like what you want to see.... they're really enticing. And if it's a quick trip, you probably don't have time for long detailed explanations anyway.

There are lots of specialty guide books. These won't give you as much general information, but if you have a special interest, it might be worth carrying one along. You can find specialty books for birdwatchers, or wine tasters. There are books that specialize in fancy restaurants.

There are whole books on castles to stay in or luxury spas. Guides to gardens or camping spots or great hiking trails. If you have a special interest, look online and visit travel bookstores... you'll probably find a specialty guide in just the field you're interested in.

Digital guide books are coming... well, some are already here. The publishers are still trying to figure out the best way to handle this. Some guides can be downloaded and read on your mobile phone... but those little screens make for eye strain when you're trying to read a map or the fine print in those descriptions.

You can down load some onto your laptop, but carrying your laptop all day will be a drag. You can download them and print them out, but then you might as well take a published guide book.

Keep your eyes open for digital guides in the future though. Once some of these paperback sized reading devices become easier to carry around, you'll be able to download just the areas you want, the specialties you want, and link to GPS technology.

Never get lost? I don't know. Sometimes part of the fun of travel is getting lost and having great experiences you didn't expect.

So for now, choose the type of printed travel guide book that will work best for you, and enjoy your trip.
About the Author

Discover this Budget Travel Guidebook Full of Budget Travel Discount Strategies and important last minute Budget Travel Tips as well as a FREE BUDGET TRAVEL GUIDE BOOK report

Animated Time Map of the Khmer Empire & Southeast Asia (100-1550 AD)


map of thailand laos
map of thailand laos
map of thailand laos

Laos History

laos history="laos history"

Khmer Culture - the Uniqueness in Khmer History

The Cambodia country is situated on the In do Chinese Peninsula in South East Asia;the Peoples Republic Kampuchea changes its name to the original one Cambodia in May, 1989.If you studied the history of Cambodia,you will know that this is the greatest place on the earth. The boarders of this country are Thailand in west, Vietnam in east, and Laos in north.The Khmer rouge ruled this country between 1970s and 1980s.Sometimes it is called as Khmer Republic.

Before the Khmer rouge rule, the reign of terror used in this country.However,in Khmer rouge ruling this terror was happened in the country.The bizarre policies, the group implemented and managed to murder the twenty percent of the people in the country.At that time,the neighbor country Vietnam helped Khmer people and these Khmer people are sent to a small Island in the north.

From the past decade,the tourism in this country is growing rapidly.There are so many tourist spots around the country is beautiful.Especially,the wild life in Cambodia and the national parks are the nature is gift to this country. Cambodia is one of the safest and a peaceful country as you might think gives its recent history.The people in this country are very cooperative and respectable people.There are so many major cities around the country.The people in these cities are living happily.For every festive gathering irrespective gender everybody will participate in the national festivals.

One of the ancient cities in the country is Angkor.This city has fascinated westerners since its rediscover in the mid nineteenth century.A great deal is now known about the brilliant Khmer civilization that flourished among the monsoon forests and rice paddies of mainland Southeast Asia,thanks to the pioneering work of French scholars and the application of modern archaeological techniques such as remote sensing from the space shuttle.

The Angkor and Khmer civilization presents the complete picture of Khmer cultural history from Stone Age civilization to the establishment of the French protectorate in mid of the eighteenth century.If you want to plan a vacation in this country,that could be the best decision for your life.

About the Author

Leo Jackh is famous Archeologist.to know more information about Khmer empire,Khmer culture,Khmer history,Khmer tradition,Cambodia Eco-tourism,pre-historic period,historic period,Tangible Culture,Discovery in the Prehistoric Period.please visit our website.. http://www.smartcambodia.com

Lao History on Tape #1


laos history
laos history
laos history

Laos Timeline

laos timeline="laos timeline"
Where can I find a timeline of Laos's history?

You could simply do a web search "Laos time line" but since I have already done that for you, I will save you the time and include it here for you. Thanks.


LAO'S DATE LINE
1353-1371 The reign of Chao Fa Ngoum the Great.
Lao territory extends to today's northern & eastern Thailand.
Indo-Khmer civilization extended to upper Meking delta
Theravada Buddhism introduced into Lao through missionaries from the Angor Empire
1373-1416 Chao Fa Ngoum was succeeded by his son OUN HEUAN (reign name Phaya Sam Sen Thai).
1479 Vietnam invaded Lao.
Reorganization of Lan Xang
Fortified defense
1520-1548 Phothisarath acceded to the throne.
The 200 years wars against Burma & Ayuthaya
Waged three wars against Ayuthaya
Acquired Chiang Mai and enthroned Setthathirath in Chiang Mai
Lan Xang acquired maximum territorial expansion
1548-1571 Setthathirath returned to rule Lan Xang as Setthathirath I after Phothisarath's death.
Loss Chiang Mai to Burma
Burmese invasion in 1565 & 1570
1574
THE LOST PERIOD Burma seized Vieng Chan.
Lan Xang collapsed.
Anarchy ensued
1637
THE GOLDEN AGE Soulinga Vongsa acceeded to the throne.
Restoration of order
Frontier demarcation with Vietnam and Siam by treaties
Two military expeditions against Xiang Khuang & Southern Principality (Champasack?)
Buddhism flourished
Vieng Chan became intellectual center
The arts flourished
1694 Soulinga Vongsa died.
Soulinga Vongsa's nephew seized the throne
Vietnamese incursion
Lan Xang broked into three kingdoms: Vieng Chan, Luang Prabang & Champasack
1707 Luang Prabang seceded from Lan Xang.
1713 Champasack seceded from Lan Xang.
1713 Lan Xang ceased to exist as a sovereign state.
1778 Annexation of Vieng Chan by Siam.
1782 Vieng Chan became Siam's subject.
1752 Luang Prabang sided with Siam and was invaded by Burma.
1778 Siam supplanted Burmese rule in Luang Prabang.
1778 Champasack supported Burma and was invaded by Siam. Champasack became Siam's dependent state.
1805-1828 Anouvong acceded to the throne.
1806 Anouvong allied with Vietnam.
1827 Anouvong led three armies against Siam but was defeated.
Siam attacked Vieng Chan
1828 Anouvong launched another attack against Siam, but was defeated.
Siam made Vieng Chan a province
1846 Siam garrisoned in Champasack to prevent Vietnam from invading Siam.
1885 Siam establish a garrison in Luang Prabang to prevent Vietnam from invading Siam.
Provoked the French in Vietnam
1886 Franco-Siam treaty
Defining Siam-Vietnam frontier.
Fance won the right to place a Vice Consul in Luang Prabang
1893 French war ship anchored in Bangkok.
Siam ceded territories east of the Mekong river
French completed protectorate territory to east of Mekong
1904 Franco-Siam treaty to allow French annexation of territories east & west of the Mekong.
1907 Franco-Siam treaty to complete territorial control by France east of Mekong.
1941 Japanese invaded Lao.
1945 French Vichy government restored Lao territory West of the Mekong to Siam (acquired in 1904).
1946 French troops returned to Lao.
1949 Franco-Lao Treaty granting Lao limited self-government within French Union.
1950 Pathet Lao movement proclaimed.
Pathet Lao joined force with Viet Minh to oppose the French
1953 French still control Lao's military.
1954 Geneva Accord.
End First Indochina War
1975 The Lao PDR proclaimed on December 2, 1975.
1975-80 Political arrest & execution of membes of the old government. Refugee exodus to Thailand & eventually third country resettlement.
1984 Drafting of the Lao PDR's constitution begun.
1994 The Lao PDR's Constitution promulgated.
1997 Lao PDR joined ASEAN.
Kip dwindled as the Baht is floated
Economic chaos simmers political unrest
1999 Lao student movement for democracy in Vientiane. Mass arrest of demonstrators.
Lao-Thai Extradition Treaty signed, but not ratified
2000 FREE LAO ALLIANCE established by Lao intellectuals, politicians, students & workers to promote democracy in Lao.
Vang Tao incident: 60-70 freedom fighters crossed from Thailand into Lao & seized border outpost
18 Freedom fighters fled to Thailand & await extradition
Thailand ratified Lao-Thai Extradition Treaty
Spate of bombing incidents in Vientiane

Hmong History Timeline Part 1


laos timeline

Pathet Lao

pathet lao="pathet lao"
How come the Americans never said anything about Hmong people during the Vietnam War?

From what I have read on the net, etc, The Hmong helped out the US a lot during that war, then the US left Vietnam, and left the Hmong to fight the Pathet Lao and Vietnamese Communist. I don't know how else to put this. yeah well w/e

And also, when will the US and UN realize that Hmong are hiding in the jungles of Laos and getting "yellow rain" poured on them, etc?
{buttah42}
>> No you dumbass, yellow rain is a type of chemical gas

Cause there trying to cover up one of the biggest mistakes they ever made. If the acknowledge it more then they have to say that they made the mistake which they are to proud to do. I agree with the second poster the Vietnam War should have never happened at least american involvement, the protestors back they knew it and they fought and won. Its much like the Iraq war we have no buisness being there in the first place, the war was started on a lie then snowballed into what it is now, but there are no terrorists in Iraq, no weapons its all lies.

Sorry man but there not gonna realize it cause they dont care. There too busy worrying about this one, which again is a pointless war, countless people/civilians (and yes they were civilians, americans lie) have died, and many more are gonna die from radiation poisoning.

They dont want to look back at this war cause it will bring back bad memories of a loss, and embarrassment.

Laos: Pathet Lao-Freedom Fighters


pathet lao

Laos Hmong

laos hmong_5="laos hmong"
What are your thoughts on the current Hmong situation?

I am Mien/Mienh/Yao/iu-Mien, My boyfriend & some of my closest friends are Hmong. What do you think of the current issue about the Hmong people and Gen. Vang Pao? I don't think his actions are justified but i do believe in what he is trying to do. The Mien people fought in the same war but the Laos gov hate the Hmong more. Please NO HATE replies here!

I'm Hmong. I do not support General Vang Pao for what he was trying to do, but I support his wanting to free his people from refugee camps. I support him wanting the killing of the Hmong people to stop.

Sure, this is America, and we should enjoy the 'melting pot', but it was American CIA that promised safety to the Hmong people for their help in the Vietnam War, which they were not able to deliver. The Hmong were mislead by the American gov't to join forces with the Americans. How could America believe so much in bringing all their American soldiers home, when they left their brothers/allies who fought with them side by side in the Vietnam War to die in refugee camps scattered across Laos. For those who do not know, we lost more Hmong people in the Vietnam War than Americans did.

Sure, I live in America now. Born and raised. My father fought in the war, he was brought here to America in 1979 along with my mother and my oldest sister. I have my American ways and my Hmong traditional ways. I realize that not all Hmong people can be brought into America from the refugee camps, but for the many Hmong people still hiding in the mountains, afraid of being murdered, raped, and decapitated for helping out the Americans, I think the Americans can do SOMETHING in helping them.

When you're in history class, your teacher talks about the Vietnam War, but not ONCE are the Hmong ever mentioned for helping the Americans. I still get the, "What's a Hmong?" question from people. For America being educated, they sure don't know a lot about Hmong people. I love being an American, and although I am disappointed in America in the way that they can not/will not do anything, but I will never forget that I am Hmong as well. I pray that the Hmong survive in those refugee camps, and I cry for all my brothers and sisters who grieve and yearn for help.

Hmong laos new 2011


laos hmong

Culture Laos

culture laos="culture laos"
Do the people in Minneapolis dislike the Hmong?

I'll be in Minneapolis for the first time for 2 days in a few weeks; I'll be there for a med school interview. One of the reasons I was excited to visit Minneapolis was because of the Hmong market, and culture. Being born in Laos myself, I can related to the Hmong, but truthfully, I am very westernized, and am actually part French and Indian as well. However, I keep reading articles about the negative perceptions of the Hmong there; could someone explain to me the situation there, so I can make an informed decision about my med school?

I've lived in the Twin Cities for the vast part of my 29 years of life. I can't say I've read any articles which display a negative portrayal of the Hmong community and honestly I don't think there is much to base those claims on. There is a large and active Hmong community in the Twin Cities, with the largest concentrations found in parts of St. Paul and nearby suburbs like Maplewood. There have been some issues in the past with Hmong youth in some of the more urban areas getting involved with gangs, but I think alot of it is overblown.

I live in South Minneapolis, so I'm not necessarily exposed to the Hmong community as much as somebody who lives on St. Paul's eastside or Frogtown, but from all of my experience here I certainly don't have a negative perception of the Hmong people. In fact, I think the cities here have done alot to accomodate the Hmong language and culture. If you go around Minneapolis you'll notice that alot of signs have the message in English and Hmong as well as Spanish and Somali beings as those are the four most commonly spoken languages here. I hope you don't let some negative articles pursuade you to overlook the Twin Cities as it is really a great place to study and live. Good luck with the interview!

Laos "Symphony" at National Cultural Hall in Vientiane, Laos 2000


culture laos

People In Laos

people in laos="people in laos"
how come no one cares about the hmong people living in laos who are getting killed? they helped the U.S!?

they helped the united states and all they get in return is living in the jungles hiding form the laos people who are killing them just like the germans killing the jews
yeah i care about all sufferings too but hmong people helped the us and all they get is pain and suffereing...they couldve sat back and did nothing but the U.S promised they would be helped after the secret war...its not fair...the united states broke their promises

Not true. Many of them have migrated to French Guiana, and even more have migrated to St. Paul, MN (check the demographics). There are people dying in Africa, Russia, China, and every day here in the US, so try to be more open minded about a cause should you choose to champion one. You can not help everyone all the time, it is impossible.

Lao People's Market at Vieng Cheng Part 1


people in laos

History Of Laos

history of laos="history of laos"
Do we never learn from history?

Nixon and his Israeli Sec of State Kissinger, despite the loses in Vietnam attacked Cambodia and Laos..

Today, Bush and Blair are losing in Iraq, but want to extend the war to Iran... Are we ever going to learn?

"Temporary" troop build up in Iraq. More ships to Gulf. hmmmmm No, we will never learn. Peter, Paul and Mary ask that same question in the "60's" It is the same war, different time is all. Yes, in deed, how many roads must a man walk down. How many sea's must a white duck sail. I guess the answer my friend is blowing in the wind. The answer is blowing in the wind.

Lao History on Tape #2


history of laos

Hmong In Laos

hmong in laos="hmong in laos"

Hookah Tobacco, Water Pipe Bong, Hookah Shisha, Hookah Accessories

The concept of Hookah originated in India, once the province of the wealthy, it was tremendously popular especially during Mughal rule. The origins of the hookah come from the north western provinces of India along the border of Pakistan in Rajasthan and Gujarat nearly a millennia back . These hookahs were simple, primitive, and rugged in design, usually made from a coconut shell base and tube with a head attached. They were designed to smoke opium, and hashish . The hookah made its way through the Persian Kingdom , which also included Pakistan, Afghanistan, much of Middle Asia and Arab parts of Northern Africa. The hookah acquired tombeik on its way through Persia. Tombeik is a dark tobacco grown in modern day Iran. Tombeik is rinsed and packed in the large older style heads where hot coal is applied directly to the wet tombeik, which gives it a strong flavor. The hookahs designed in the Persian Empire are still hand crafted with each one being cut from a piece of wood.

Most hookah smoking countries serve Naklia shisha. Naklia shisha is a combination of foreign tobaccos, honey molasses and dried fruit. The smoke is filtered through ice cold water to make the smoke cool and soothing. Older generations smoked hashish and opium, which has created a. The hookah has been growing in popularity in the United States and Europe since the experimentation of the 60'S. Now they are in every college head shop and Middle Eastern market across the entire U.S. It is also growing in popularity in Japan. "Cigarettes are for nervous people, competitive people, people on the run . It teaches you patience and tolerance, and gives you an appreciation of good company.

Specialisation of various Hookah tobacco and Hookah products, a premium brand of flavored tobacco because of its unique smoking experience is used primarily by experienced Hookah users. Mixing of different flavors is a terrific experience. The hookah water pipe is imported from the United Arab Emirates and is properly equipped with the Swiss tobacco brand. To shop at Sinbad Hookah one must be at least 18 years old. Freshness and quality is our top priority and we even offer good quality hookah products like Al Fakher hookah tobacco, Al Fakher hookah water pipes, Al Fakher hookah accessories including Golden Al Fakher hookah tobacco, Golden Al Fakher hookah water pipes and Golden Al Fakher hookah accessories. Romman Shisha & Hookah Tobacco: Romman Shisha Tobacco is considered the highest quality hookah tobacco in the world. Hand-made with the highest quality shisha ingredients possible, is experienced an amazingly smooth, flavorful and intensely long-lasting hookah smoking experience.  Romman Tobacco is designed to be finest hookah smoking tobacco possible.

Nakhla Shisha & Hookah Tobacco: The original shisha producer, Nakhla Shisha Tobacco is made in Egypt and consists of long cut, lower grade, less washed (higher nicotine) tobacco.  Nakhla Shisha is a timeless favorite around the world with its consistent flavor and bold shisha smoking style.

Accessories: Plastic tips are designed to have a sanitary smoking experience. The male tips are designed to go inside the metal and wooden ended hookah hoses. All hoses vary and these fit 90% of the time.The female tips fit over the metal tips of the hose and are not recommended for wooden ended hookah hoses. The plastic can restrict the flow of smoking so please use properly and make sure the ends have no obstructions. The female tips work about 10% of the time and can be cut with scissors to fit larger hookah hoses.Metal Screen for Hookah Head: These metal screens are great for saving time and money. Cutting foil and poking holes take time and costs money. For the long term it is better to use a metal screen.

A bong is a smoking device, generally used to smoke cannabis, tobacco, or other substances.The construction of a bong is similar to a hookah. The functions of bongs and hookahs are analogous, as they produce similar results. A bong may be constructed from any air- and water-tight vessel by adding a screened bowl and stem apparatus.Bongs have been in use by the Hmong, in Laos and Thailand, for centuries. One of the earliest recorded uses of the word in the West is the McFarland Thai-English Dictionary, published in 1944, which describes one of the meanings of bong in the Thai language as, "a bamboo waterpipe for smoking kancha, tree, hashish, or the hemp-plant."

A hookah or Waterpipe is a single or multi-stemmed instrument for smoking tobacco .Originally from India, hookah has gained popularity, especially in the Middle East and is gaining popularity in North America, Europe, Australia and Brazil

About the Author

Sindbad Shisha specializes all types of Hookah Tobacco, Water Pipe Bong, Hookah Shisha, Hookah Accessories and various Hookah Products. SEO services provided by Jigney Bachech, CEO Opal Infotech, India.

Hmong New Year in Laos 2010-2011


hmong in laos

Laos History Timeline

laos history timeline="laos history timeline"
What makes Asian Geography so unique?

These are the countries of Asia.. You may wish to hook up with http://www.socialstudies4u.com/mod/resource/view.php?id=20
to link upwith these...
Asia (From CIA World Fact Book)
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Cambodia (Kampuchea)
Hong Kong (China)
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Lebanon
Mongolia
Pakistan
Singapore
Taiwan
Turkmenistan
Yemen Armenia
Bhutan
China
India
Israel
Kuwait
Macau
Nepal
Philippines
South Korea
Tajikistan
United Arab Emirates
Azerbaijan
Brunei
Cyprus
Indonesia
Japan
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
North Korea
Qatar
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Bahrain
Burma (Myanmar)
Georgia
Iran
Jordan
Laos
Maldives
Oman
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Turkey
Vietnam


Other links include the following:

AskAsia
United Arab Emirates Home Page
Access Asia Web Site
Culture Scope
Timeline for Central Asia History
Himalayas: Where the Earth Meets the Sky

Asia's geography is unique like the rest of the continents.

Asia is rich in resources, rich culture, etc. The countries in Asia are not connected; some of them are archipelagos, like Japan, Philippines, etc. I don't think that other continents have as much archipelagos as Asia.

~~ Roberto Basil "Bobby" E. Cruz.

Hmong History Timeline Part 2


laos history timeline

Life In Laos

life in laos="life in laos"

Lao Zi's Doctrine Of The Tao

His doctrine was then generalized into something that "aimed at self effacement and namelessness on the one hand, and, on the other, into something that invites people to take no action and thus become self transform, and love tranquility and thus become righteous.

Although it definitely gets to the point a generalization of this kind oversimplifies what he intended to express in over 5000 words. Widely recognized as the founder of Taoism, he constructs a philosophy of fertility and individuality that unfolds by virtue of his preoccupation with and formulation of the Tao.

He was the first to form a special concept of the Tao, which in turn works as the keystone of Taoism as a philosophy. The Chinese term Tao literally means way or road. Based on this primary meaning it assumes in ancient times a metaphorical sense, such as the way of man, signifying human morality, code of conduct or essence of life, etc. But in Lao Zi's terminology the meaning of the Tao transcends social and ethical domains is then found ascribed to certain metaphysically extended implications relating to the origin of the universe, the root of all things, the law of natural change and social development, the principle of political and military affairs, and above all, the truth of human existence the Tao as such can be conceived of as the constellation of Lao Zi's philosophizing.

The most complicated but most fascinating of all its aspects lies, however, in the fact that its connotations vary with the different contexts in which it's used. So long as one sticks to both textual scrutiny and contextual analysis, one will be able to approach what the term Tao really suggests in a more justifiable fashion offered here is a brief discussion.

The Tao of the universe

That's how it is looked upon as the highest category of Lao Zi's philosophy. Right at the beginning of the Tao Te Ching is defined as the origin of heaven in Earth and the mother of the myriad things. Heaven and earth in Chinese culture means either nature of the universe and by the myriad things is meant all beings in the world. Hence the towel is often likened by modern scholars to the universe and the essence of all things in Western terms.

The Tao itself has two essential aspects discriminated as being without form and being within form. The former is invisible and abstract employed to indicate the state of Tao before it comes down to its actuality, while the latter is visible in concrete, used to indicate the outcome of the towel as manifested in the things which surround us.

Both of these aspects come from the Tao and are thus thought of as two sides of one coin. The interrelationship as such seems identical to that between name and object, or thinking and being.

The Tao as the origin of the universe and the root of all things perceives God in time and exists everywhere in space it therefore is subtle, profound, eternal and indescribable as well as inexhaustible. The coming into being of all things is characterized by process; that is the Tao produces the one. The one turns into the two. The two gives rise to the three. The three brings forth the myriad things. The myriad things contain Yin and Yang as a vital forces which achieve harmony through their interactions.

That's how the universe ultimately follows the way of spontaneity or naturalness. It begets all things without any practical purpose. Accordingly it treats all things alike without making any distinction. And furthermore it lets all things be what they can become.

The author maintains The Art Of War archives and offers high level Qigong training

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